Isakhiwo Sensimbi Yesitimela

Isakhiwo sensimbi esiteshini sesitimela

I-EIHE STEEL STRUCTURE ingumkhiqizi wesakhiwo sensimbi esiteshini sesitimela kanye nomphakeli eChina. Sikhethekile esakhiweni sensimbi esiteshini sesitimela iminyaka engu-20. Isakhiwo sensimbi yesitimela ngokuvamile sibhekisela kuhlaka lwesakhiwo sesiteshi noma isiteji esakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngensimbi. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi sesitimela kuyathandwa ngenxa yamandla ayo nokuqina, kanye nekhono layo lokusekela izikhala ezinkulu kanye nemithwalo esindayo. Ukwengeza, izakhiwo zensimbi ngokuvamile zilula kunezinye izinto zokwakha, ezinganciphisa isikhathi sokwakha nezindleko.

Ezinye izibonelo zeziteshi zesitimela ezinezakhiwo zensimbi eziphawulekayo zifaka i-Grand Central Terminal e-New York City, isiteshi sesitimela i-King's Cross e-London, kanye nesiteshi se-Gare de Lyon-Saint-Exupéry e-France. Insimbi ibuye isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwamapulatifomu esitimela, amabhuloho, namahubhu

yini isakhiwo sensimbi sesiteshi sesitimela?

Isakhiwo sensimbi sesiteshi sesitimela sibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi njengento eyinhloko ekwakhiweni kweziteshi zikaloliwe. Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo lunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezifana namandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle eziteshini zikaloliwe ezidinga ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo kanye nezinselelo zemvelo.

Isakhiwo sensimbi sesiteshi sesitimela ngokuvamile sihlanganisa uhlaka oluyinhloko, uphahla, kanye nezindwangu. Uhlaka oluyinhloko luqukethe amakholomu ensimbi nemishayo esekela sonke isakhiwo. Lawa malungu ensimbi aklanyelwe ukumelana namandla okuzamazama komhlaba, amandla omoya, nezinye izingozi zemvelo, aqinisekise ukuphepha nokuzinza kwesiteshi.

Uphahla lwesakhiwo sensimbi yesiteshi sesitimela luvame ukuklanywa ukuthi lusebenze futhi lujabulise ngobuhle. Ingase ifake izinhlobonhlobo zomumo nemiklamo, kuye ngesitayela sezakhiwo kanye nezimfuneko zesiteshi. Uphahla lusekelwa ama-trusses ensimbi noma ama-arches asakaza isisindo ngokulinganayo kulo lonke isakhiwo.

Ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi esiteshini sesitimela kubhekisela ezintweni zangaphandle ezisetshenziselwa ukumboza nokuvikela izindonga nophahla. Izinto zokugqoka ezijwayelekile zifaka amashidi ensimbi, amaphaneli afakiwe, kanye nengilazi. Lezi zinto zikhethwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, kanye nokugcinwa kalula.

Ngokungeziwe ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko zesakhiwo, isakhiwo sensimbi sesiteshi sesitimela singaphinda sifake amasistimu asizayo ahlukahlukene njengezitebhisi, amakheshi, namapulatifomu. Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganiswe esakhiweni sensimbi ukuze zinikeze ukufinyelela okulula nokujikeleza ngaphakathi kwesiteshi.

Ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi yesiteshi sesitimela kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqina, kanye nobuhle. Kuphinde kubandakanye ukudidiyelwa kwemikhakha eyahlukene yobunjiniyela njengobunjiniyela bezakhiwo, ezokwakha, nobunjiniyela bemishini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphothulwa ngempumelelo kwephrojekthi.

Kafushane, isakhiwo sensimbi sesiteshi sesitimela siyisinqumo esiqinile nesihlala isikhathi eside sokwakhiwa kweziteshi zesitimela. Inikeza amandla amahle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ekwakhiweni, okuyenza ifaneleke uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezimo zemvelo.

uhlobo lwesakhiwo sensimbi esiteshini sesitimela

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezakhiwo zensimbi zesitimela ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kweziteshi zesitimela. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa:

Izakhiwo zohlaka lwephothali: Lawa amafreyimu ensimbi ahlanganisa amakholomu nemishayo, ngokuvamile enziwa ngezigaba ezimise okuka-I. Amafreyimu ephothali ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo nezakhiwo ezinobude obukhulu, njengezinkundla zesiteshi sesitimela namahholo eziteshi.

Izakhiwo ze-truss: I-truss uhlaka olwakhiwe uchungechunge lonxantathu abaxhumene. Izakhiwo ze-Steel truss zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kophahla lwesiteshi sesitimela namabhuloho.

Izakhiwo ze-Arch: Izakhiwo ze-Arch zenziwe ngemishayo egobile esekela uphahla noma uphahla. Izakhiwo ze-steel arch zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kweminyango yesiteshi sesitimela, kanye nasekuklanyweni kwezinhlelo zophahla lwesiteshi sesitimela.

Izakhiwo ezisekelwa yikhebula: Lezi yizakhiwo lapho izintambo zisetshenziselwa ukusekela uphahla noma isakhiwo. Izakhiwo ezisekelwa ikhebula lensimbi zivame ukusetshenziswa kumakhenopi esiteshi sesitimela, kanye nasekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho abahamba ngezinyawo.

Izakhiwo zohlaka lwesikhala: Lezi yizinhlaka ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezakhiwe ngezinto ezixhumene zesakhiwo. Izakhiwo zefreyimu yesikhala zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zophahla lwesiteshi sesitimela, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamahholo eziteshi nama-atriums.

imininingwane yesakhiwo sensimbi yesiteshi sesitimela

Idizayini nemininingwane yezakhiwo zensimbi zesitimela zingahluka kuye ngezidingo ezithile kanye nezidingo zesiteshi ngasinye. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile nezici ezivame ukufakwa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zensimbi yesiteshi sesitimela.

Imishayo: Imishayo yensimbi isetshenziselwa ukusekela isisindo sophahla, isiteji, nanoma iyiphi enye ingxenye ethwala umthwalo yesakhiwo. Zingaba ziqonde noma zigobe, kuye ngomklamo othize.

Amakholomu: Amakholomu ensimbi asetshenziselwa ukusekela isisindo esiqondile sesakhiwo noma isakhiwo. Amakholomu angabekwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze anikeze ukwesekwa, noma angahlelwa ngamaphethini athile ngezinjongo zobuhle noma zezakhiwo.

Ama-trusses: Ama-trusses ensimbi asetshenziselwa ukuhamba amabanga amakhulu futhi asekele isisindo sophahla noma uphahla. Ziqukethe uchungechunge lonxantathu abaxhumene, abanikeza kokubili amandla nokuzinza.

Ukuxhumana: Izixhumanisi zensimbi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo ndawonye, ​​njengemishayo namakholomu. Uhlobo lokuxhuma olusetshenziswayo luzoncika emithwalweni namandla okuzodingeka ukuthi isakhiwo simelane nawo.

I-Cladding: I-Steel cladding isetshenziselwa ukumboza ingaphandle lesakhiwo, inikeze isivikelo kuma-elementi futhi inikeze isakhiwo ukubukeka okubukeka kahle. Ukugqoka kungenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, njengamapaneli ensimbi, ingilazi, noma itshe.

Sekukonke, izakhiwo zensimbi zesiteshi sesitimela ziklanyelwe ukuthi ziqine, ziqine, futhi zisebenze kahle, kuyilapho zinikeza ngendawo ekhangayo nesebenzayo kubagibeli nabavakashi.

inzuzo yesakhiwo sensimbi yesitimela sesitimela

Izakhiwo zensimbi zesitimela zinezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwezinye izinto zokwakha, okuhlanganisa:

Amandla Nokuqina: Insimbi iyinto eqinile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside engamelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, imithelela, kanye nemithwalo. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele ukwakha izakhiwo zesiteshi sesitimela nezakhiwo ezidinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside.

Izindleko: Izakhiwo zensimbi zibiza kancane uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinto. Badinga impahla encane, umsebenzi, nesikhathi sokwakha, okungasiza ukwehlisa izindleko zephrojekthi iyonke.

Isivinini Sokwakha: Izakhiwo zensimbi zingenziwa ngaphandle kwendawo, bese zihlanganiswa ngokushesha endaweni yokwakha. Le nqubo ingonga isikhathi futhi isheshise inqubo yokwakha.

Ukuvumelana nezimo kanye nezinketho zokuklama: Izakhiwo zensimbi zivumelana nezimo kakhulu futhi zingenziwa ngokwezifiso kalula ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zokuklama. Angabuye ashintshwe noma anwetshwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma kudingeka.

Iqinile futhi Iyasebenziseka Kabusha: Insimbi iwumsebenzi osimeme kakhulu, futhi ingagaywa kabusha futhi isetshenziswe kabusha izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqotho bayo besakhiwo. Lokhu kwenza izakhiwo zensimbi zibe inketho evumelana nemvelo ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi sesitimela.

Sekukonke, izakhiwo zensimbi zesiteshi sesitimela zinikeza isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu, esiqinile, esiqinile, nesimeme sokwakha ingqalasizinda yesiteshi sesitimela.