Izindlu Zokwakhiwa Kwensimbi Eziphakeme Eziphakeme

Izindlu zensimbi ezihlangene ze-EIHE Steel Structure ziyindlela yesimanjemanje futhi entsha enikeza izinzuzo eziningi kunezindlela zokwakha zendabuko. Ijubane layo lokwakha, amandla nokuqina, ukuguquguquka kokuklama, kanye nokusimama kwemvelo kwenza kube ukukhetha okufanelekile ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakeme.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezindlu eziphezulu ezihlangene zesakhiwo sensimbi yijubane layo lokwakha. Izingxenye zensimbi zingakhiqizwa ngaphandle kwendawo endaweni elawulwayo, kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yazo nokunemba. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlangana ngokushesha esizeni, njengoba izingxenye zingahlanganiswa ngokushesha futhi kalula. Lesi sikhathi esincishisiwe sokwakha singaholela ekongeni izindleko ezibalulekile, kanye nokunciphisa umthelela endaweni ezungezile kanye nomphakathi ngesikhathi sesigaba sokwakha.

Enye inzuzo yokwakhiwa kwensimbi ingamandla nokuqina kwayo. Insimbi iyinto ekwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, njengomoya onamandla nokuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezakhiwo eziphakeme, ezisengozini kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo zezingozi. Ukwengeza, insimbi ayinakuvutha, engathuthukisa ukuphepha komlilo okuphelele kwesakhiwo.

Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi nakho kunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu komklamo. Imishayo yensimbi namakholomu kungashintshwa kalula ukuze kuhambisane nezinhlobonhlobo zezitayela zezakhiwo nezakhiwo, okuvumela ukudala izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele nezibukekayo eziphakeme eziphakeme.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi kuhambisana nemvelo. Insimbi iyinto ekwazi ukuphinda igaywe kabusha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezakhiwe ngaphambili kunciphisa udoti kanye nemfucumfucu yokwakha. Ukwengeza, izakhiwo zensimbi zingaklanywa ngendlela eyonga ugesi, zibe nezici ezifana nokufaka ugesi namafasitela acwebezeliswe kabili ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Sekukonke, izindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi eziphakeme eziphakeme zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi kunezindlela zokwakha ezivamile, okuhlanganisa izikhathi zokwakha ezisheshayo, amandla athuthukisiwe nokuqina, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwedizayini, nokusimama kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kuyisinqumo esithandwa kakhulu sokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakeme.

Imininingwane yezindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi eziphakeme ezihlangene

Izindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi eziphakeme ezihlangene, ezaziwa nangokuthi izindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi esenziwe ngaphambili zezakhiwo eziphakeme, zimelela indlela yokwakha yesimanje nephumelelayo esithole ukunakwa okuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziningi. Nansi eminye imininingwane ebalulekile ngalolu hlobo lwezindlu:

1. Incazelo kanye Uhlolojikelele

Izindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi eziphakeme eziqoqiwe zibhekisela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezinde zokuhlala lapho izingxenye eziyinhloko nezingxenye zesakhiwo zenziwe ngaphambili emafektri, zithuthelwe endaweni, bese zihlanganiswa kusetshenziswa izindlela zemishini. Le ndlela ihlukile ezindleleni zendabuko zokwakha esizeni, njengokhonkolo ofakwe endaweni, okuwumsebenzi omningi futhi odla isikhathi.

2. Izinzuzo

a. Isivinini Sokwakha

Umhlangano Osheshayo: Izingxenye zensimbi ezenziwe ngaphambilini zingaqoqwa ngokushesha esizeni, ngokunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokwakha. Isibonelo, isakhiwo esingamamitha-skwele angama-300 singaqedwa kusukela kusisekelo kuze kube sekugcineni ngezinsuku zokusebenza ezingama-30 nje ngeqembu elincane.

Umjikelezo Wephrojekthi Omfushane: Kumaphrojekthi aphakeme kakhulu, isikhathi sokwakha esincishisiwe singaholela ekuhlaleni ngaphambili nasekukhiqizeni imali yonjiniyela.

b. Ukusebenza Kwesakhiwo

Ukumelana Nokuzamazama Okuhle Kakhulu: Izakhiwo zensimbi zinamandla aphezulu okuduka namandla okuhlakaza amandla, okuzenza zifaneleke kahle izindawo ezinomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba.

I-Lightweight: Imvelo yensimbi engasindi yehlisa umthwalo ezisekelweni, okungenzeka konga izindleko ekusebenzeni kwesisekelo.

Amandla E-Span Amakhulu: Insimbi ingasekela izikhala ezinkulu, ivumela amapulani aphansi aguquguqukayo kanye nezikhala ezivulekile.

c. Ubungane Bemvelo

Ukwakhiwa Okuluhlaza: Insimbi iyinto ekwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe kabusha, inciphisa imfucuza ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa nokudilizwa.

Ukuphazamiseka Kwendawo Okuncishisiwe: Umsebenzi omncane omanzi kanye nokuphathwa okuncane kwempahla esizeni kunciphisa umthelela wendawo.

d. Izindleko-Ngempumelelo

Izindleko Eziphansi Zabasebenzi: Ukuhlanganisa imishini kunciphisa isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono esizeni.

Ukuphila Okude: Ngokulungiswa okufanele, izakhiwo zensimbi zingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.

e. Ukuvumelana nezimo

Idizayini Yemojuli: Izingxenye ezakhelwe ngaphambili zingaklanywa ukuthi zilingane nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zemodular, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwedizayini nokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Amasistimu Ahlanganisiwe: Izakhiwo zensimbi zingakwazi ukuhlanganisa kalula nezinhlelo zokwakha ezithuthukisiwe, ezifana nokufaka ama-insulation, amapayipi amanzi, nogesi, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo jikelele.

3. Inqubo yokwakha

Ukuklama Nokuhlela: Isigaba sokuklama sibandakanya ukudala amapulani anemininingwane yesakhiwo, amasistimu, kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo.

Ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili: Izingxenye zensimbi, njengemishayo, amakholomu, nokuxhumana, kukhiqizwa ezimbonini kusetshenziswa okokusebenza okunembayo.

Ezokuthutha: Izingxenye ezakhelwe ngaphambili ziyiswa endaweni yokwakha.

Ukuhlanganisa: Ukuhlanganiswa kwendawo kuhilela ukuphakamisa nokuxhuma izingxenye ezakhelwe ngaphambili kusetshenziswa ama-cranes nemishini ekhethekile.

Ukuqedwa: Ngemva kokuhlanganisa, imisebenzi yokuqeda, njengokuhlanganisa, ukufaka amapayipi amanzi nokufakwa kukagesi, iyaqedwa.

4. Amazinga Nemithethonqubo

E-China, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu eziphakeme ezihlangene zesakhiwo sensimbi kulawulwa izindinganiso nemithethonqubo ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa "Izinga Lobuchwepheshe Lezindlu Ezihlanganisiwe Zesakhiwo Sensimbi" (JGJ/T 469-2019), elikhishwe uMnyango Wezezindlu Nezasemadolobheni- Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya. Leli zinga lihlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela yokuklama, ukwakhiwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, nezinye izici zezindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi esenziwe ngaphambili.

5. Izibonelo

Amaphrojekthi amaningana ayizitezi eziphakeme emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganisa nelaseShayina, asebenzise ngempumelelo izakhiwo zensimbi ezakhiwe ngaphambili. Isibonelo, iphrojekthi ye-Shenzhen okukhulunywe ngayo kwesinye sezihloko zereferensi ibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenzisa izakhiwo zensimbi ezakhiweni zokuhlala eziphakeme.

6. Amathrendi Akusasa

Njengoba ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokwakha zithuthuka, izindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi eziphakeme ezihlangene kulindeleke ukuthi zande kakhulu. Ukuthuthuka kwezinto zokwakha, isoftware yokuklama, namasu okwakha kuzoqhubeka nokugqugquzela ukuqamba okusha futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kwalezi zakhiwo.

Nayi imibuzo emihlanu evamise ukubuzwa (FAQ) mayelana Nezindlu Eziphakeme Ezihlanganisiwe Zesakhiwo Sensimbi:

1. Iyini izindlu eziphakeme ezihlangene zesakhiwo sensimbi?

Impendulo: Izindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi eziphakeme eziphakeme zibhekisela ezakhiweni zokuhlala ezinezitezi eziningi ezakhiwe kusetshenziswa izingxenye zensimbi ezenziwe ngaphambili. Lezi zingxenye, njengemishayo yensimbi, amakholomu, nezinhlelo zokubopha, zikhiqizwa ezimbonini bese zihlanganiswa endaweni ukuze zakhe isakhiwo esiphelele. Le ndlela inikeza izinzuzo eziningi kunezindlela zokwakha ezivamile, okuhlanganisa izikhathi zokwakha ezisheshayo, ubuqotho besakhiwo obuthuthukisiwe, nokusimama okungcono kwemvelo.

I-2.Iziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zesakhiwo sensimbi esihlanganisiwe esiphezulu?

Impendulo: Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesakhiwo sensimbi esihlangene esisezingeni eliphezulu zifaka:

● Imishayo yensimbi namakholomu: Lokhu kwakha izakhi eziyinhloko zokuthwala umthwalo zesakhiwo.

● Izinhlelo zokubopha: Lezi zinikeza ukuzinza okwengeziwe nokumelana namandla asemaceleni, njengomoya nokuzamazama komhlaba.

● Amasistimu aphansi nophahla: Lezi zisabalalisa imithwalo ngokulinganayo kuso sonke isakhiwo futhi zinikeza inkundla ezinzile yokuqeda ngaphakathi nabahlali.

● Amasistimu odonga: Lezi zingenziwa ngensimbi, ukhonkolo, noma ezinye izinto futhi zifeza kokubili izinjongo zesakhiwo nezobuhle.

3. Sakhiwa kanjani isakhiwo sensimbi esiphezulu esihlanganisiwe?

Impendulo: Inqubo yokwakha ivamise ukubandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

● Ukuklama nobunjiniyela: Amapulani anemininingwane kanye nokucaciswa kuyathuthukiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhiwo sihlangabezana nawo wonke amakhodi namazinga adingekayo.

● Ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili: Izingxenye zensimbi zikhiqizwa ezimbonini ngokuya ngemininingwane yedizayini.

● Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Indawo yokwakha ilungiselelwe ukufika kwezingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambili.

● Ukumiswa nokuhlanganisa: Izingxenye ezakhelwe ngaphambili zithuthwa ziyiswe endaweni futhi zihlanganiswe kusetshenziswa amakhreni nezinye izinto ezisindayo.

● Ukuqedwa: Amapulani angaphakathi, kufakwa amasistimu kagesi, nezinye izinsiza, futhi isakhiwo silungiselelwa ukuhlala.

4. Ingabe zikhona izinselelo ezihambisana nezindlu eziphakeme ezihlangene zesakhiwo sensimbi?

● Impendulo: Nakuba izindlu eziphakeme ezihlangene zesakhiwo sensimbi zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kunezinselele ezithile okufanele zicatshangelwe:

● Izindleko: Izindleko zokuqala zingase zibe phezulu kunezindlela zokwakha ezivamile ngenxa yesidingo semishini ekhethekile nemisebenzi.

● Ezokuthutha nezokuhlela: Izingxenye ezinkulu ezakhelwe ngaphambili zingaba nzima ukuzithwala futhi zidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa okuphephile endaweni.

● Ubunkimbinkimbi bokuklama nobunjiniyela: Izakhiwo zensimbi eziphakeme kakhulu zidinga ukuklama okuyinkimbinkimbi nobungcweti bobunjiniyela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho besakhiwo nokuphepha.

5. Ubuchwepheshe be-BIM busekela kanjani ukwakhiwa kwezindlu eziphakeme ezihlangene zesakhiwo sensimbi?

● Impendulo:Ubuchwepheshe be-Building Information Modeling (BIM) buhlinzeka ngethuluzi elinamandla lokuklama, ukwakhiwa, nokuphathwa kwezindlu eziphakeme ezihlangene zesakhiwo sensimbi. I-BIM ivumela ukwakhiwa kokumelelwa kwedijithali kwesakhiwo, okungasetshenziswa ukulingisa izinqubo zokwakha, ukuthuthukisa izinqumo zokuklama, nokuxhumanisa umsebenzi phakathi kwababambe iqhaza abahlukahlukene bephrojekthi. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhono lokwakha, ukunciphisa amaphutha kanye nokweqiwa, kanye nemiphumela engcono kakhulu yephrojekthi iyonke.