Isingeniso sokuvuza kophahla lwesakhiwo sensimbi

Isakhiwo sensimbiiwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kabanzi lwesakhiwo, ngenxa yezinzuzo zalo zesikhathi esifushane sokwakha, ubude besikhathi esikhulu, amandla aphezulu, njll., lusetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni ezinkulu, izindawo, izakhiwo zomphakathi nezinye izakhiwo. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zokuvuza kophahla kanye nezinkinga zokugeleza ezitshalweni zesakhiwo sensimbi zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwazo.

Kuleli phepha, sizama ukuqala kusukela esigabeni sangaphambilini sokuklama, isigaba sokwakha, kanye nesiteji sokugcina ukuze sichaze izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvela kokuvuza kophahla ezakhiwo zefektri yesakhiwo sensimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele siqale emthonjeni wokuklama, futhi senze umsebenzi omuhle wesakhiwo sensimbi ukuklama kophahla ngokusho kwezici zesakhiwo sesitshalo sesakhiwo sensimbi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele silawule ngokuqinile ikhwalithi yokwakha ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakha. , futhi uklame umkhuba we-node ngokusho kwemidwebo emihle. Futhi nokwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokulungisa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

Izilinganiso zesigaba sokuklama

1, Khulisa ukuthambekela kophahla

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe besakhiwo sensimbi se-portal frame light house sibeka ukuthi ukuthambekela kophahla lwendlu yesibani se-portal kufanele kube ngu-1/8~1/20, endaweni enamanzi emvula engeziwe, kungcono ukuthatha inani elikhulu, futhi ukuthambekela kophahla endaweni eseningizimu akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-5%.

Dizayina amayunithi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane neyunithi yokwakha ukuze konge imali, kuncishiswe izidingo zokutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi, ngokuvamile kuthathe inani elincane. Njengoba i-slope yophahla incane, okuholela ekuphumeni kancane kophahla, amanzi emvula awakwazi ukukhishwa ngesikhathi esifanele, eshiya izinkinga ezifihliwe emanzini ophahleni.

Ngakho-ke, mayelana nokuklama, okokuqala, kufanele kuhambisane ngokuqinile nezincazelo zokuklama, hhayi ngenxa yokonga izindleko futhi kunciphise ngokungenangqondo inkomba yokuklama, ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kwesimo sangempela sesifunda. ngokuklanywa kwesiza, umklamo kufanele uyiswe esikhathini esikhulu sokuvela kabusha kwemvula.

Umklamo we-roof purlin kufanele ulondoloze, ungagcini ngokungaboni insimbi futhi unciphise ukuphakama kwebha. Uma i-cross-section ye-roof purlin yakhelwe incane kakhulu futhi isikhala sikhulu kakhulu, ukuwohloka kwebha kanye nepuleti lokucindezela ngaphansi komthwalo womoya kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwe-bar kanye ne-cross-section kuthatha inani eliphezulu, elihle ekuvimbeleni uphahla kusuka ekuphambukeni okungalingani phansi nokugwema ukuvela kokuqoqwa kwamanzi ophahleni.

2, Ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamasistimu okukhipha amanzi angaphandle

Uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi emvula ophahleni lweshabhu yesakhiwo sensimbi lungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi lwangaphandle kanye nohlelo lwangaphakathi lokudonsa amanzi.

Isistimu yokukhipha amanzi yangaphandle iwukusebenzisa igutter yophahla ukukhipha amanzi emvula ngokuqondile ngepayipi elingaphandle eliya epayipini lamanzi emvula elingaphandle noma i-drainage nullah.

Uhlelo lwangaphakathi lokudonsa amanzi lisebenzisa ipayipi lamanzi emvula elingaphakathi ukuze likhiphe amanzi emvula epayipini lamanzi emvula elingaphandle.

Isakhiwo sensimbi sokutshala uphahla lwemithambeka ephindwe kabili kanye nezinye izinhlobo zophahleni oluseceleni lwe-span gutter oluphambene nodonga lwangaphandle lwe-gutter lungasetshenziswa ukuvala uhlelo lokugeleza kwangaphandle okuqondile ukuze kuqedwe amanzi emvula, umphumela wokukhipha amanzi muhle kakhulu, inqobo nje uma kubalwa okunengqondo, ngokuvamile ngeke kukhiqize isenzakalo sokubhuquza kwamanzi.

Isistimu yokukhipha amanzi yangaphandle ayinqunyelwe umthamo we-gutter nezinye izimo, i-drainage ibushelelezi. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi lwangaphandle kufanele lusetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka.

3. Khulisa ukujula kwe-gutter

Uma kuqhathaniswa nophahla lukakhonkolo oluqinisiwe, ukujula kwe-gutter kophahla lwensimbi kulinganiselwe, futhi akukho sakhiwo esiqhubekayo sokuvimbela amanzi phakathi kwe-gutter nophahla, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza kwamanzi lapho i-gutter igcwele amanzi.

Ivela kakhulu ku-gutter kanye nokugqagqana kwamaphaneli ophahleni, okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi u-roof backwater, kwenzeka futhi ekuhlanganisweni kwezikhuphukeli zamanzi emvula kanye ne-gutter.

Ngenxa yezici ze-gutter yangaphandle, ayikho inkinga enjalo. I-gutter yangaphakathi iningi lenziwe nge-3mm ~ 4mm ipuleti lensimbi elijiyile eligobile, ukujula komsele ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-160mm ~ 250mm. Ama-Lap joints nama-bridging joints yizindawo ezimbili ezibalulekile. I-bridging seam ihlobene kakhulu nekhwalithi yokwakha, ipuleti lensimbi elincanyana kanye nokushisela kwe-gutter yensimbi, ukulawula ikhwalithi yezithungo ezishiselwe futhi wenze umsebenzi omuhle ekwakhiweni kokugqwala okungenamanzi.

I-Lap joint ayiyona nje inkinga yokwakha, futhi ukwakheka nakho kuhlobene eduze, lapho kungenzeka, kufanele kube ngokufanele ukuze kwandiswe ukujula komsele, ukuze imvula yodoti ingeqi i-lap joint.

4, Ukufakwa kwezinyathelo zokuchichima kophahla

Ukujula kwe-gutter ngokuvamile kuklanyelwe ukuba kuncane, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-160mm no-250mm. Ngale ndlela, esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu semvula, inani elikhulu lamanzi emvula ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu lingena ku-gutter, amandla emvula adlula umthamo wokukhipha umklamo wamanzi emvula, okuholela enkambisweni "yamanzi angemuva", okuholela ezingozini.

Futhi ukwandisa ukujula kukadoti kunemikhawulo ethile, ngakho-ke kufanele ucabangele ukusetha izinyathelo zokuchichima kophahla, ekwakhiweni kwepulani yesakhiwo kufanele kumakwe indlela yokusetha ichweba elichichimayo nendawo.

Ichweba elichichimayo liwukuqukethwe okubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwamanzi emvula ophahleni, imininingwane ihlinzeka ngokuthi iphrojekthi yophahla lwamanzi emvula kufanele imiswe izindawo ezichichimayo, umthamo wokudonsa amanzi emvula wezakhiwo ezijwayelekile awukho ngaphansi kuka-10a isikhathi sokukhiqiza, isakhiwo esibalulekile se-50a . Ngakho-ke, misa imbobo echichimayo emikhawulweni yomibili yodonga, ukuze ubude begatha bube bubude, kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe odongeni lwendodakazi njalo ngo-6m ~ 12m ukusetha imbobo yokuchichima.

5, Nciphisa ukuvuleka kophahla

Ngenxa yesidingo sokufakwa kwamapayipi kanye nokufakwa kwemishini, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwenza izimbobo ophahleni lwesitshalo sesakhiwo sensimbi. Umkhuba wokuvula izimbobo ophahleni ubhubhisa isakhiwo sonke sophahla lwesitshalo, futhi ingxenye yokuvula yophahla ingenye yezingozi ezinkulu zokuvuza zophahla lwesitshalo sesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukonga usuku lwemvula ekwakhiweni, futhi ukuvuleka kufanele kuvinjwe amanzi ngokuya nge-node design. Kufanele kuncishiswe isibalo ophahleni ukuvuleka, ezifana qeda ipayipi kungase kubhekwe esikhundleni ukuvuleka ophahleni nge ukuvuleka odongeni.

Lapho inani elikhulu lemigodi lidinga ukuvulwa ngenxa yezidingo zokusetshenziswa nokuklama, cabanga ukusetha isakhiwo esikhonkolo esifakwe endaweni ehlangothini lweyunithi yensimbi yophahla oluzimele, isidingo sokufinyelela ophahleni lwemishini yepayipi. izinhlelo ezimaphakathi kule yunithi, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ngempumelelo ingozi yokuvuza!

6, Khulisa ngokufanelekile inombolo nobubanzi bamapayipi amanzi emvula

Inombolo kanye nobubanzi bamapayipi amanzi emvula kungenye yezimo ezibeka umkhawulo umthamo wohlelo lokudonsa amanzi emvula.

Inombolo yepayipi lamanzi emvula lincane, amanzi emvula eduze kwebanga lokugeleza kwe-gutter, isikhathi eside, okuholela "ekuminyana"; Umklamo wobubanzi bepayipi lamanzi emvula mncane kakhulu, kodwa futhi kulula ukubangela ukuphuma kwamanzi emvula abushelelezi, okuholela “kumanzi angemuva”.

Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ukuze kwandiswe ngokufanelekile inani lamapayipi amanzi emvula nobubanzi bepayipi, okungenani elilodwa ngesikhathi sekholomu ngayinye. Futhi kufanele sinake ukukhethwa okunengqondo kwempahla yepayipi yamanzi emvula, njengokusetshenziswa kwepayipi lepulasitiki, amandla ampofu, kulula ukulimaza, ngakho-ke kufanele sizame ukugwema.

Izinyathelo phakathi nesigaba sokwakha

1. Isici somuntu

Khetha ithimba lezokwakha elihle kakhulu nelinolwazi. Ithimba lezokwakha kanye neziqu zezisebenzi kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo, futhi abaqhubi abakhethekile njengabashiseli kufanele babe neziqu ezifanele. Ama-opharetha asebhodini kufanele enze umsebenzi omuhle wokufundisa nokuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe, futhi enze umsebenzi omuhle wokuhlola inqubo ngayinye yokwakha, ngaphandle kokuyeka noma iyiphi inkinga ecashile engase ibangele izinkinga zokuvuza kophahla. Ukufakwa kohlelo lokufulela ngensimbi kuyisixhumanisi sokwakha esinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nengozi enkulu yokuphepha, okufanele igcwaliswe ngabasebenzi bokwakha abasezingeni eliphezulu abanolwazi olunzulu lokwakha.

2, Izinto zokwakha

Izindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi zenziwe ngokuqondile ngezinto zokwakha, indima ebalulekile engangabazeki.

Izinto zokwakha kufanele zamukelwe khona lapho, uhlole isitifiketi sokuvumelana kanye nombiko wokuhlola wezinto ezingenayo, futhi izinto ezibalulekile kufanele zithunyelwe ukuze isampula ihlolwe kabusha. Enqubweni yokwakha yokufulela insimbi, ikhwalithi yepuleti lensimbi yokucindezela, ipuleti likagutter, impahla yokushisela, izinto zokuvala ngisho nama-rivets kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqedwe ukuvuza okufihliwe okuyingozi. Kwezinye izinto zokwakha ezibalulekile zingabalulwa kumkhiqizo wokuthengwa kwenkontileka, futhi kufakwe izinto endaweni, izinto zokwakha kuphela ezinempahla yesitifiketi sekhwalithi ephelele ezingasetshenziswa kuphrojekthi.

3, Indlela yokwakha

Iyunithi yokwakha kufanele isungule futhi ithuthukise uhlelo lokulawula inqubo, izindawo ezibalulekile zengozi yokuvuza kufanele zilungiselelwe umhlahlandlela wokusebenza, ziqinise ukuphathwa kwenqubo yokwakha, futhi zisebenzise ngokungathí sina amazinga enqubo kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokufaka.

Imiyalo yokusebenza kufanele isekelwe emidwebeni yokuklama i-node, kufanele ihlanganise isigaba sokukhiqiza senqubo ngayinye, ikhwalithi yezinga eliphansi ngalinye, izidingo zobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinyathelo ezithile, njengezingxenye ezibalulekile. zezindlela zokucubungula, izingxenye zenqubo yokufaka, izinyathelo zenqubo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo se-node sinengqondo, sithembekile, akukho ukuvuza, ukubukeka okuhle. Ukuze kube lula ukwenzeka ukuvuza kwengozi yezingxenye zebhodi elikhanyayo, izingxenye zokuvuleka kophahla, izingxenye ze-gable, izingxenye ezikhukhula, i-gutter, ibhakede, izingxenye ezixhumene ne-span eziphakeme neziphansi nezinye izindawo ezibalulekile, ukwenza inqubo ngayinye yokwamukelwa kwekhwalithi eqinile, ukuqaliswa kwendawo uhlelo lwekhwalithi yekhwalithi yokwakha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zesigaba sokulungisa

Ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa isitshalo sesakhiwo sensimbi, izingxenye zikhubazekile futhi izinto zokubeka uphawu ziyaguga ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga, imvula kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokungena esigabeni sokusebenzisa, kufanele futhi yenze ukugcinwa okudingekayo futhi kugweme imikhuba ethile engafanele.

I-1, i-glue engangeni manzi, ukuguga kwe-sealant, ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo kufanele kudingeke ukuhlola ukugcinwa.

I-2, i-roof strip ayikwazi ukunyuswa ngokuthanda emthwalweni, abantu bayanyathela, kulula ukuholela ekuguqulweni kwephaneli yophahla.

3, I-castor yamanzi emvula iqoqa ukungcola okwengeziwe, kukhona ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele sinake gutter in the cap ipayipi amanzi kufanele usebenzise ibhola uhlobo ipayipi cap, akufanele asebenzise flat castor ipayipi cap, ukunciphisa isenzakalo ukuvaleka.

4, indawo yokuvuza kophahla ukuze kuhlolwe okubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kwesizini yezikhukhula yaminyaka yonke, kuqinise ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa, kunciphise ukuvuza kophahla ekukhiqizeni nempilo yomthelela omubi.