Izisekelo Eziyisishagalombili Zokwakha Uhlaka Lwensimbi

I. Izici zeisakhiwo sensimbi

1. Isisindo sokuzimela sesakhiwo sensimbi silula

2. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu komsebenzi wesakhiwo sensimbi

3. Ukumelana nokudlidliza okuhle (ukushaqeka) kanye nokumelana nomthelela wensimbi.

4. Izinga eliphakeme lokuthuthuka kwezimboni zokukhiqiza isakhiwo sensimbi.

5. Isakhiwo sensimbi singahlanganiswa ngokunembile futhi ngokushesha.

6. Kulula ukwenza isakhiwo esivaliwe.

7. Isakhiwo sensimbi kulula ukugqwala.

8. Isakhiwo sensimbi asikwazi ukumelana nomlilo.

II. Evame ukusetshenziswa steel isakhiwo steel grade kanye nokusebenza I-China:

1. Insimbi yesakhiwo seCarbon: Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275, njll.

2. Ingxubevange ephansi amandla aphezulu ensimbi yesakhiwo.

3. Ikhwalithi yensimbi ye-carbon structural kanye ne-alloy structural steel.

4. Insimbi ekhethekile.

III. Isimiso sokukhetha izinto zokwakha zensimbi

 Umgomo wokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zesakhiwo sensimbi ukuqinisekisa umthamo wokuthwala wesakhiwo esithwala umthwalo futhi uvimbele ukulimala okuqinile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ngokusho kokubaluleka kwesakhiwo, izici zomthwalo, ifomu lesakhiwo, isimo sokucindezeleka, izindlela zokuxhuma, ubukhulu bensimbi kanye indawo yokusebenza, kanye nezinye izici ezicatshangelwa kabanzi.

IV. Okuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwesakhiwo esikhulu sensimbi

 (1) Ubuchwepheshe besakhiwo sensimbi ephakeme kakhulu. Ngokusho kokuphakama kwesakhiwo kanye nezidingo zokuklama, uhlaka, ukusekelwa kwefreyimu, isilinda kanye nesakhiwo sefreyimu enkulu yamukelwa ngokulandelana, futhi izingxenye zayo zingenziwa ngensimbi, ukhonkolo oqinile oqinisiwe noma ukhonkolo wepayipi lensimbi. Izingxenye zensimbi zilula futhi ziyi-ductile, futhi insimbi ehlanganisiwe noma insimbi egoqiwe ingasetshenziswa, efanele izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu; izingxenye eziqinile zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe zinokuqina okukhulu nokumelana nomlilo okuhle, okulungele izakhiwo eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme noma izakhiwo eziphansi; Ukhonkolo wepayipi lensimbi kulula ukwakha futhi usetshenziselwa izakhiwo zekholomu kuphela.

(2) Ubuchwepheshe besakhiwo sensimbi yesikhala. Isakhiwo sensimbi yesikhala sinesisindo sokuzimela esilula, ukuqina okukhulu, ukumodela okuhle kanye nesivinini sokwakha esisheshayo. I-ball node flat plate uzimele, uhlaka lwenethi olushintshashintshayo lwezigaba eziningi kanye negobolondo lenetha elinepayipi lensimbi njengelungu lenduku kuyinani elikhulu kunawo wonke lesakhiwo sensimbi yesikhala e-China. Inezinzuzo zokuqina kwendawo enkulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuphansi ekuklanyeni, ukwakhiwa kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola, futhi inganikeza i-CAD ephelele. ngaphezu kwesakhiwo sefreyimu yenetha, isakhiwo sesikhala sibuye sibe nesakhiwo sekhebula lokumisa i-span enkulu, isakhiwo se-membrane yekhebula nokunye.

(3) Ubuchwepheshe besakhiwo sensimbi ekhanyayo. Ihambisana nensimbi enombala okhanyayo eyenziwe ngodonga kanye nesakhiwo esibiyelwe sophahla esakhiwe ngamafomu amasha esakhiwo. Ngaphezulu kuka-5mm ipuleti lensimbi elishiselwe noma eligoqiwe elikhulu eliphambanayo lemishayo yodonga enezindonga ezincane enezindonga ezingo-H kanye nezinsimbi zophahla, insimbi eyindilinga ibe uhlelo lokusekela oluguquguqukayo namabhawodi anamandla aphezulu axhunywe ohlelweni lwesakhiwo sensimbi engasindi, isikhala sekholomu ukusuka ku-6m kuye ku-9m, i-span ingaba ngu-30m noma ngaphezulu, ubude bungaba ngamamitha angaphezu kweshumi nambili futhi ingasethwa ibe yi-lightweight ilenga ezine. Inani lensimbi 20 ~ 30kg/m2. Manje kunezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuklama kanye namabhizinisi okukhiqiza akhethekile, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukufakwa okusheshayo, isisindo esincane, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, ukwakhiwa akukhawulelwe ngenkathi, efanelekayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo zezimboni ezikhanyayo.

(4) ubuchwepheshe besakhiwo esihlanganisiwe sensimbi nokhonkolo. Ukuphathwa kwensimbi noma insimbi kanye nezingxenye zekhonkrithi ezakhiwe ngemishayo, amakholomu, isakhiwo esithwala imithwalo yesakhiwo esihlangene sensimbi-ukhonkolo, ububanzi besicelo buye banda eminyakeni yamuva. Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe kokubili insimbi nokhonkolo kokubili izinzuzo, amandla jikelele, ukuqina okuhle, ukusebenza okuhle kokuzamazama komhlaba, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo sikakhonkolo sangaphandle, umlilo omuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokugqwala. Izingxenye zesakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe ngokuvamile zinganciphisa inani lensimbi ngo-15-20%. Inhlanganisela cover floor kanye steel ipayipi izingxenye ukhonkolo, kodwa futhi kunezinzuzo isikhunta kancane ukwesekwa noma akukho isikhunta ukwesekwa, ukwakhiwa elula futhi kuyashesha, ukukhuthazwa amandla amakhulu. Ifanele izakhiwo ezinezitezi eziningi noma eziphakeme kakhulu ezinemithwalo emikhulu yemishayo yefreyimu, amakholomu nesembozo, izakhiwo zezimboni, amakholomu kanye nesembozo, njll.

(5) Uxhumano lwebhawodi olunamandla aphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushisela. Ibhawodi lamandla aphezulu iwukungqubuzana ukuze udlulise ingcindezi, ngebhawodi, nati kanye newasha izingxenye ezintathu. Ngezinzuzo zokwakha okulula, ukudilizwa okuguquguqukayo, umthamo wokuthwala okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuhle kokulwa nokukhathala nokuzikhiya, ukuphepha okuphezulu, njll., uxhumano lwebhawodi olunamandla amakhulu seluthathele indawo i-riveting kanye nokushisela ingxenye kuphrojekthi, futhi sekuyinto eyinhloko. izindlela zokuxhuma ekwakhiweni nasekufakweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Ezingxenyeni zensimbi ezenziwe endaweni yokusebenzela, ukushisela okuzenzakalelayo kwe-arc okungaphansi kwamanzi okuzenzakalelayo kufanele kwamukelwe amapuleti awugqinsi, futhi amasu afana nokushisela okuxubile kwe-spout electroslag kufanele kwamukelwe ukwahlukanisa kwekholomu okumise okwebhokisi. Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela i-semi-automatic welding kanye ne-gas-shielded flux-coreed technology kanye nobuchwepheshe be-self-protection flux-coreed wire technology buzokwamukelwa ekwakhiweni kokufakwa endaweni.

(6) Ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela isakhiwo sensimbi. Ukuvikelwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa komlilo, i-anticorrosion kanye ne-antirust, okuvame ukwamukelwa ngemva kokwelashwa kokumbozwa komlilo ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwe-antirust, kodwa ukwelashwa kwe-anticorrosion kusadingeka ezakhiweni ezinamagesi agqwalayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezingubo zasekhaya ezingashi, ezifana nochungechunge lwe-TN, i-MC-10, njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-MC-10 yokuvikela umlilo inopende we-alkyd magnetic, upende werabha one-chlorine, upende werabha we-fluorine nopende we-chlorosulphonated. Ekwakhiweni, izigqoko ezifanele kanye nokuqina kokugqoka kufanele kukhethwe ngokusho kohlobo lwesakhiwo sensimbi, izidingo zezinga lokumelana nomlilo kanye nezidingo zemvelo.

V. Izinjongo Nezinyathelo Zezakhiwo Zensimbi

 Ubunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi bubandakanya izici eziningi kanye nobunzima bezobuchwepheshe, futhi kufanele bulandele izindinganiso kazwelonke nezimboni kanye nezinkambiso ekukhuthazeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwabo. Iminyango yokuphatha ukwakhiwa kwendawo kufanele inake ukwakhiwa kwesigaba esikhethekile sobunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi, ihlele ukuqeqeshwa kwethimba lokuhlola ikhwalithi, futhi ifingqa umkhuba wokusebenza nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ngesikhathi. Amakolishi namanyuvesi, iminyango yokuklama kanye namabhizinisi okwakha kufanele asheshise ukutshalwa konjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi nochwepheshe, futhi akhuthaze ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe besakhiwo sensimbi i-CAD. amaqembu ezemfundo mass kufanele abambisane ukuthuthukiswa steel isakhiwo ubuchwepheshe, kabanzi ukufeza Ukuhwebelana ezifuywayo angaphandle kanye nemisebenzi yokuqeqeshwa, futhi ngenkuthalo abeke izinga jikelele steel isakhiwo design, indwangu kanye ukwakhiwa kanye ukufakwa ubuchwepheshe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, okungase uklonyeliswe ngokwenza ngcono.

VI. Ukuxhumana kwezakhiwo zensimbi

 (A) Ukuxhumana kwe-seam yokushisela

Weld uxhumano ngokusebenzisa ukushisa ezikhiqizwe arc ukuze induku Welding kanye ukuncibilika Weldment wendawo, ukupholisa condensation ibe weld, ukuze Weldment exhunywe ukuba abe munye.

Izinzuzo: ayenzi buthaka ingxenye yesiphambano selungu, ukonga insimbi, isakhiwo esilula, ukwakheka okulula, ukuqina kokuxhumeka, ukusebenza kahle kokuvala uphawu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuzenzakalela, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu.

Ukungalungi: i-weld eduze kwensimbi ngenxa yokushisela umphumela wokushisa ophezulu wokwakheka kwendawo ethintekile ukushisa kungase kube izingxenye ezithile zezinto eziba brittle; inqubo Welding of steel by ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokupholisa, ukuze isakhiwo weld ukucindezeleka residual kanye deformation residual phezu isakhiwo ukuthwala umthamo, ukuqina kanye nokusebenza kunomthelela othile; isakhiwo esishiselwe ngenxa yokuqina kwemifantu emikhulu, yendawo eyenzeka kalula enwetshiwe kulo lonke, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi ajwayele ukuphuka; amalunga ashiselwe ngenxa yokuqina, ukuqhekeka kwendawo kwenzeka kalula kunwetshwe kulo lonke, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. I-brittle fracture; weld uxhumano plasticity futhi ukuqina impofu, Welding kungase kukhiqize amaphutha, ukuze amandla ukukhathala kuncishiswe.

(B)uxhumano lwebhawudi

Ukuxhumeka kwe-bolt kungokufakwa kwezixhumi ze-bolt njengezixhumi ezixhunywe ukuze zibe munye. Ukuxhumeka kwe-bolt kuhlukaniswe ngokuxhumeka okujwayelekile kwebhawodi kanye nokuxhumeka kwebhawudi yamandla aphezulu.

Izinzuzo: inqubo yokwakha elula, kulula ukuyifaka, ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuxhumeka kokufakwa kwesayithi, futhi kulula ukuyidiliza, ifanele isidingo sokufaka nokudiliza isakhiwo nokuxhumeka kwesikhashana.

Ukungalungi: isidingo sokuvula izimbobo epuletini nokuhlanganisa izimbobo, ukwandisa umsebenzi wokukhiqiza, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu; izimbobo zamabhawodi nazo zenza buthaka ingxenye yesiphambano sengxenye, futhi izingxenye ezixhumene ngokuvamile zidinga ukugoqwa noma ipuleti elingeziwe lokuxhuma elisizayo (noma i-engeli), ngakho-ke ukwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nensimbi ebiza kakhulu.

(C) uxhumano oluhlanganisiwe

Ukuxhumeka kwe-Rivet kuyingxenye eyodwa enekhanda eliyindilinga elenziwe ngaphambili le-rivet, induku ye-nail izoshisa ibomvu futhi ifakwe ngokushesha emigodini yezipikili kusixhumi, bese usebenzisa isibhamu se-rivet sizophinde sikhishwe komunye umkhawulo wezipikili. ikhanda, ukuze wenze uxhumano ukufeza ukuqiniswa.

Izinzuzo: i-riveting ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okuthembekile, i-plasticity, ukuqina kungcono, ikhwalithi kulula ukuyihlola futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ingasetshenziselwa isakhiwo esindayo futhi esiqondile esithwala amandla.Ukungalungi: inqubo ye-riveting iyinkimbinkimbi, yokukhiqiza ebiza kakhulu futhi esebenza kanzima, kanye nomsebenzi -okujulile, ngakho-ke kuye kwashintshwa ngokuyisisekeloifakwe nge-welding kanye nokuxhumeka kwebhawodi lamandla aphezulu.

VII. uxhumano olushiselwe

 (A) Izindlela zokushisela

Indlela yokushisela evamile yesakhiwo sensimbi iwukushisela i-arc kagesi, okuhlanganisa ukushisela i-arc manual, i-automatic noma i-semi-automatic arc welding kanye ne-gas shielded welding.

I-arc welding ye-manual iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ye-welding esakhiweni sensimbi, ngemishini elula, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo nokulula. Kodwa-ke, izimo zabasebenzi zimbi, ukukhiqiza kuphansi kune-welding othomathikhi noma ye-semi-automatic, futhi ukuhlukahluka kwekhwalithi ye-weld kukhulu, okuncike ezingeni lobuchwepheshe le-welder ngezinga elithile.

Ukuzinza kwekhwalithi ye-welding ye-automatic, ukushisela ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi kuncane, ipulasitiki enhle, ukuqina komthelela omuhle, ilungele ukushisela i-weld ende eqondile. I-Semi-automatic welding ngenxa yokusebenza ngesandla, ilungele ijika lokushisela noma ukuma okungahleliwe kwe-weld. Ukushisela okuzenzakalelayo kanye ne-semi-automatic kufanele kusetshenziswe nomzimba oyinhloko wensimbi kanye ne-flux ehambisana nocingo, ucingo kufanele luhambisane nezindinganiso zikazwelonke, ukugeleza kufanele kunqunywe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zenqubo yokushisela.

Ukushisela okuvikelwe kwegesi ukusebenzisa igesi ye-inert (noma i-CO2) njengendlela yokuvikela i-arc, ukuze insimbi encibilikisiwe ibe yodwa emoyeni ukuze kugcinwe inqubo yokushisela izinzile. I-gas shieded welding arc heat concentration, isivinini se-welding, ukujula kokuhlanganiswa, ngakho amandla e-weld aphezulu kune-welding manual. Futhi ipulasitiki enhle nokumelana nokugqwala, kulungele ukushisela insimbi ewugqinsi.

(B) uhlobo lwe-weld

Ifomu lokuxhuma le-Weld ngokusho kokuxhunywa esikhundleni samalungu lingahlukaniswa libe yi-butt, i-lap, uxhumano olumise okwe-T nokuxhumeka kwe-angle nezinye izinhlobo ezine. Lokhu kuxhumana kusetshenziselwa i-weld seam butt weld kanye ne-fillet weld amafomu amabili ayisisekelo. Kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile, kufanele luxhunywe ngokusho kwamandla, kuhlanganiswe nokukhiqiza, ukufakwa kanye nezimo zokushisela zokukhethwa.

(C) isakhiwo sokushisela

1, ukushisela izinqe

Izinqe zishisela ukudluliswa kwamandla okuqondile, bushelelezi, akukho mkhuba wokugxilisa ingqondo obalulekile, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukusebenza okuhle, ukuthwala imithwalo emile nenyakazayo kuyasebenza ekuxhumekeni kwezingxenye. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu ye-butt weld, igebe lokushisela phakathi kokushisela liyizidingo eziqinile, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni kwefekthri.

2, fillet weld

Ifomu le-fillet weld: i-fillet weld ngokuya ngesiqondiso sobude bayo kanye nesiqondiso samandla angaphandle, ingahlukaniswa ngokuhambisana nohlangothi lwe-force fillet weld, i-perpendicular kuya ekuqondeni kwe-front of the force fillet weld. futhi isiqondiso samandla siphambana ngokulinganayo yi-oblique fillet weld kanye ne-weld circumferential.

Ifomu le-cross-section ye-fillet weld liphinde lihlukaniswe ngokwejwayelekile, i-slope eyisicaba kanye nohlobo lwe-fusion ejulile. Emfanekisweni, i-hf ibizwa ngokuthi usayizi wonyawo we-fillet weld. Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-weld foot side ratio engu-1:1, efana nonxantathu wesokudla we-isosceles, ukugoba komugqa wokudlulisa amandla kuqine kakhulu, ngakho ukugxilisa ingqondo kubi kakhulu. Ukuze isakhiwo siqondiswe ngokuqondile emithwalweni eguquguqukayo, ukuze wenze ukudluliswa kwamandla kube bushelelezi, indawo yokushisela ekhoneni elingaphambili kufanele isetshenziswe isilinganiso sosayizi osemakhoneni amabili we-weld engu-1:1.

VIII. uxhumano lwebhawudi

(A) Isakhiwo soxhumano lwebhawodi oluvamile

1, Ifomu kanye nokucaciswa kwebhawodi evamile

2, Ukuhlelwa koxhumano lwebhawodi oluvamile

Ukuhlelwa kwama-bolts kufanele kube lula, okufanayo futhi kuhlangene, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla, ukwakhiwa okunengqondo futhi kulula ukuyifaka. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlela: ohlangothini-ne-side kanye nokugxamalaza. I-Juxtaposition ilula futhi ukuhleleka okumile kuhlangene kakhulu.

(B) izici zamandla oxhumano lwebhawodi olujwayelekile

1, Ukuxhumana kwebhawodi ye-Shear

2, Ukuxhumana kwebhawodi ye-tension

3, Ukuxhumeka kwe-Tension kanye ne-shear bolt

(C) izici zamandla zamabhawodi aphezulu

Uxhumano lwebhawodi lwamandla aphezulu lungahlukaniswa lube uhlobo lokungqubuzana nohlobo lokucindezela ngokuya ngezidingo zokuklama namandla. Ukuxhunywa kohlobo lwefriction ku-shear ukumelana, ngaphandle kwamandla okugunda ukuze kufinyelelwe ukumelana okukhulu okungenzeka phakathi kwepuleti lesimo somkhawulo; lapho okungaphezu kwalokho lapho isihlobo sishelela phakathi kwepuleti, okungukuthi, ukuxhumana kubhekwe njengokwehluleka nokulimala. Uxhumano lohlobo lwengcindezi kushear, bese uvumela ukungqubuzana ukuthi kunqotshwe futhi kushelele okuhlobene phakathi kwepuleti, bese amandla angaphandle angaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi ngemva kwalokho ukucekelwa phansi kokugcina kwe-screw shear noma ingcindezi yodonga lwembobo yesimo somkhawulo.