Indlela yokuvimbela ukugqwala nokugqwala esakhiweni sensimbi

Isakhiwo sobunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbiyaziwa ngokuthi iphrojekthi eluhlaza yekhulu lama-21, isakhiwo sensimbi sinezinzuzo eziningi njengamandla aphezulu, umthamo oqinile wokulayisha, isisindo esincane, umthamo omncane wesikhala esithathiwe, ukwakhiwa kalula nokufakwa kwezingxenye, ukonga izinkuni, njll., ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni zezimboni nezabantu.Izakhiwo Zohlaka Lwensimbi kanye Nezakhiwo Zensimbi Ezigciniwe zikhona yonke indawo.

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni, ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi kanye nokumelana kabi nokugqwala nokugqwala nezinye izindaba zavela kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisogwini futhi imboni yamakhemikhali isiyinkinga evelele!

Ukugqwala kwesakhiwo sensimbi akudali nje kuphela ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi kuletha ingozi efihliwe ekuphepheni kwesakhiwo, futhi izingozi zobunjiniyela ezibangelwa ukugqwala kwensimbi zivamile, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okulwa nokugqwala kwesakhiwo sensimbi (ikakhulukazi izingxenye zensimbi ezinodonga oluncane) yokubaluleka okukhulu kwezomnotho nezenhlalo, futhi okulandelayo yizingeniso nezingxoxo ngezinkinga ezitholakala ohlelweni lokwakha nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

1. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokugqwala kwezakhiwo zensimbi

Ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwensimbi kuqala ngokuqonda izimbangela zokugqwala kwensimbi.

1.1 Indlela yokugqwala yensimbi ekamelweni lokushisa (ngaphansi kuka-100°C)

Ukugqwala kwensimbi ekamelweni lokushisa ngokuyinhloko ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical. Izakhiwo zensimbi zisetshenziswa emkhathini ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi insimbi igqwala yisenzo somswakama, umoya-mpilo kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolile (i-slag ye-welding engahlanzekile, ungqimba wokugqwala, ukungcola okungaphezulu) emkhathini. Umswakama ohlobene nomkhathi ungaphansi kuka-60%, ukugqwala kwensimbi kuncane kakhulu; kodwa lapho umswakama ohlobene ukhuphukela enanini elithile, izinga lokugqwala kwensimbi liyakhuphuka ngokuzumayo, futhi leli nani libizwa ngokuthi umswakama obalulekile. Ezingeni lokushisa lekamelo, umswakama obalulekile wensimbi ojwayelekile wama-60% ukuya ku-70%.

Lapho umoya ungcolile noma usawoti emoyeni ezindaweni ezisogwini, umswakama obalulekile uphansi kakhulu, indawo yensimbi kulula ukwenza ifilimu yamanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-welding slag kanye ne-rust layer engelashwa (i-iron oxide) njenge-cathode, izingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi (i-base material) njenge-anode efilimini yamanzi e-electrochemical corrosion. Umswakama womkhathi okhangiswa endaweni yensimbi ukuze wenze ifilimu yamanzi uyisici esinqumayo sokugqwala kwensimbi; umswakama olinganiselwe womkhathi kanye nokuqukethwe kwezinto ezingcolisayo yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta izinga lokugqwala komkhathi.

1.2 Indlela yokugqwala yensimbi ekushiseni okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kuka-100 ℃)

Ukugqwala kwensimbi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ikakhulukazi ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, amanzi akhona esimweni segesi, umphumela we-electrochemical mncane kakhulu, wehliswa ube yisici sesibili. Igesi yensimbi neyomile (njenge-O2, H2S, SO2, Cl2, njll.) ukuthintana, isizukulwane esingaphezulu samakhemikhali ahambisanayo (ama-chlorides, ama-sulfide, ama-oxides), ukwakheka kokugqwala kwamakhemikhali ensimbi.

2 Izindlela zokuvikela ukugqwala kwezakhiwo zensimbi

Ngokusho kwesimiso se-electrochemical of steel corrosion, inqobo nje uma ukwakheka kwebhethri lokugqwala kuvinjelwe noma kubhujiswa noma izinqubo ze-cathodic ne-anodic zivinjelwe ngokuqinile, ukugqwala kwensimbi kungavinjelwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuvikela ungqimba ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuyindlela evamile njengamanje, isendlalelo sokuvikela esivame ukusetshenziswa sinezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

2.1 Isendlalelo esivikela insimbi: ungqimba lwensimbi oluvikelayo luyinsimbi noma ingxubevange enomphumela wokuvikela we-cathodic noma we-anodic, ngokusebenzisa i-electroplating, i-spray plating, i-chemical plating, i-hot plating kanye ne-seepage plating nezinye izindlela, isidingo sokuvikela indawo yensimbi ukuze wenze isendlalelo sensimbi sokuzivikela (ifilimu) ukuhlukanisa insimbi endaweni ebolayo lapho ithinta indawo edlayo, noma ukusetshenziswa komphumela wokuvikela we-electrochemical wokuvikela insimbi, ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala.

2.2 Isendlalelo esivikelayo: ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali noma izindlela ze-electrochemical ukwenza ingaphezulu lensimbi likhiqize ifilimu eyinhlanganisela engagqwali, ukuze kuhlukaniswe indawo eqala ukugqwala nokuthintana kwensimbi, ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwensimbi.

2.3 Isendlalelo esingezona ezensimbi: ngamapende, amapulasitiki, koqweqwe lwawo nezinye izinto, ngokudweba nokufafaza nezinye izindlela, ukwenza ifilimu evikelayo ebusweni bensimbi, ukuze insimbi nemithombo yensimbi ihlukanise, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala kwensimbi. .

3. Ukwelashwa kwendawo yensimbi

Ukucutshungulwa kwensimbi embonini ngaphambili, ingaphezulu lezakhi nakanjani lizongcoliswa ngamafutha, umswakama, uthuli nokunye ukungcola, kanye nokuba khona kwama-burrs, i-iron oxide, ungqimba wokugqwala nokunye ukukhubazeka kwendawo. Kusukela kuzizathu eziyinhloko zangaphambilini zokugqwala kwesakhiwo sensimbi, siyazi ukuthi okuqukethwe kwezinto ezingcolile kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta izinga lokugqwala komkhathi, futhi ukungcola okungaphezulu kuzothinta kakhulu ukunamathela kwezingubo ebusweni bensimbi, futhi kwenze upende. ifilimu ngaphansi kokugqwala iyaqhubeka nokukhula, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-coating noma ukulimala, ayikwazi ukufeza umphumela wokuvikela oyifunayo. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yokwelashwa kwensimbi ebusweni kumphumela wokuvikela we-coating kanye nokuphila kwethonya, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezu kwe-coating ngokwayo izinhlobonhlobo zomehluko wokusebenza emthelela wezici ezilandelayo kufanele kugcizelelwe:

3.1. Ezingxenyeni ezithwala imithwalo okunzima ukuzilungisa ngesikhathi sesevisi, izinga lokwehliswa kufanele lenyuswe ngendlela efanele.

3.2. Ngaphambi nangemva kokukhishwa, amafutha, i-burr, isikhumba somuthi, i-splash ne-iron oxide kufanele isuswe ngokucophelela.

3.3. ukwamukelwa kwekhwalithi yemisebenzi yokwehliswa nokudweba kuzohambisana nemithethonqubo.

4.I-Anti-corrosion Coating

Izingubo zokulwa nokugqwala ngokuvamile zakhiwe nge-primer nejazi eliphezulu. I-Primer in the powder more, i-base material engaphansi, ifilimu enzima, umsebenzi we-primer ukwenza ifilimu yepende ngezinga lezimpande zotshani kanye nenhlanganisela ye-topcoat eqinile, okungukuthi, ukuba ne-adhesion enhle; i-primer ine-corrosion inhibiting pigments, inganqanda ukugqwala, kanti okunye kungaba yi-passivation yensimbi kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical ukuvimbela insimbi ukuthi ingagqwali. Ijazi elingaphezulu liyimpushana encane, isisekelo sezinto eziningi, ngemva kokuba ifilimu icwebezela, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuvikela ungqimba olungezansi lwe-primer, ngakho-ke akufanele lungene emkhathini kanye nomswakama, futhi kufanele lukwazi ukumelana nokubola ngokomzimba namakhemikhali. okubangelwa isimo sezulu. Umkhuba wamanje uwukusebenzisa ama-synthetic resin ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nesimo sezulu se-medium. Izingubo zokulwa nokubola ezinokumelana nomkhathi ngokuvamile zimelana kuphela nokugqwala kwesigaba somhwamuko emkhathini. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi kokugqwala ngama-asidi nama-alkali nezinye imidiya, kufanele kusetshenziswe izimbotshana ezimelana ne-asidi ne-alkali.

I-Anti-corrosion paint ngokusho komsebenzi wokuzivikela ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-primer, upende ophakathi kanye nejazi eliphezulu, ungqimba ngalunye lwepende lunezici zalo, ngalinye linomthwalo wemfanelo walo, inhlanganisela yezendlalelo, ukwakheka kwe-coating eyinhlanganisela thuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-anti-corrosion, andise impilo yesevisi.

4.1 ama-primers

I-Primer layer evame ukusetshenziswa evimbela ukugqwala i-primer ecebile nge-zinc kanye ne-epoxy iron-red primer, upende ocebile zinc wakhiwe inani elikhulu le-zinc powder encane kanye nenani elincane lezinto zokwakha ifilimu. Izakhiwo ze-electrochemical ze-Zinc ziphakeme kunezensimbi, futhi lapho zingaphansi kokugqwala, ziba nomphumela "wokuzidela", ukuze insimbi ivikelwe. Umkhiqizo wokugqwala we-zinc oxide ugcwalisa izimbotshana futhi wenze ukunamathela kuminyene. I-primer enothe nge-zinc esetshenziswa kakhulu inezinhlobo ezintathu ezilandelayo:

(1) ingilazi yamanzi i-zinc-rich-primer ecebile, ingilazi yamanzi njengento eyisisekelo, engeza i-zinc powder, ukuxuba nokuxubha, emva kokuphulukisa ukuze kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi, inqubo yokwakha iyinkimbinkimbi, izimo zenqubo ezinzima, ukwelashwa kwendawo kufanele ube ku-Sa2.5 noma ngaphezulu, ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile, izidingo zomswakama, ukwakheka kwefilimu yokugqoka kulula ukuqhekeka, ukuxebuka, futhi bekungavamile ukusetshenziswa.

(2) i-primer encibilikayo ye-zinc ecebile, i-primer isekelwe ku-ethyl orthosilicate, utshwala njenge-solvent, ingxenye ye-hydrolyzed polymerization, engeza i-zinc powder exutshwe ngokulinganayo ifilimu ehlanganiswe ngokulinganayo.

(3) i-primer ecebile nge-zinc, iyi-epoxy resin njengento eyisisekelo eyenza ifilimu, enezela i-zinc powder, ukuphulukisa ukwenza ukunamathela. I-primer ecebile ye-epoxy zinc ayiyona nje izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-anticorrosion, nokunamathela okuqinile, futhi ngopende olandelayo we-epoxy iron-cloud luhlobo oluhle lokunamathela. Ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa emkhathini ojwayelekile wesakhiwo sohlaka lwensimbi kanye nokugqwala kwemishini ye-petrochemical.

I-Epoxy iron oxide ebomvu primer ihlukaniswe yaba amathini kapende wezingxenye ezimbili, ingxenye A (upende) eyenziwe nge-epoxy resin, i-iron oxide ebomvu nezinye izibala ze-antirust, i-ejenti elwa nokucwila, njll., ingxenye B iyi-ejenti elaphayo, ukwakhiwa kwengxenye yokusatshalaliswa. I-iron oxide ebomvu iwuhlobo lwe-pigment elwa nokugqwala ngokomzimba, imvelo yayo izinzile, amandla okumboza aqinile, izinhlayiya ezinhle, ingadlala umphumela omuhle wokuvikela efilimu kapende, inokusebenza okuhle kokugqwala. I-epoxy iron oxide ebomvu yokuqala epulaletini lensimbi kanye nongqimba olungaphezulu lukapende lwe-epoxy inokunamathela okuhle, yome ngokushesha ekamelweni lokushisa, ungqimba olungaphezulu lukapende olungaphezulu aluwophi umbala, oluvame ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi ensimbi, amathangi, amaphrojekthi ensimbi evimbela ukubola. , njenge-rust primer.

4.2 ungqimba oluphakathi lukapende

Upende wesendlalelo esimaphakathi ngokuvamile upende we-epoxy mica kanye nopende wesikali sengilazi ye-epoxy noma upende we-epoxy thick slurry. Upende we-epoxy mica wenziwa nge-epoxy resin njengento eyisisekelo ngokwengeza i-mica iron oxide, i-microstructure ye-mica iron oxide ifana ne-flaky mica, ukujiya kwayo kungama-micrometer ambalwa kuphela, futhi ububanzi bayo bungamashumi ama-micrometer kuya kuma-micrometer ayikhulu. Iwukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana ne-asidi, okungewona ubuthi, isakhiwo se-flake singavimbela ukungena okuphakathi, ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokuqeda ukugqwala, kanye nokuncipha okuphansi, ukuhwalala komhlaba, ungqimba oluhle kakhulu oluphakathi nendawo kapende ovimbela ukugqwala. Upende wesilinganiso sengilazi ye-epoxy yi-epoxy resin njengento eyisisekelo, enezinga lengilazi elingenalutho njenge-aggregate, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezithasiselo ezakhiwe ngopende owugqinsi wohlobo lwe-paddle anticorrosion. Ukujiya kwesikali sengilazi kungama-microns angu-2 ukuya kwangu-5 kuphela. Njengoba izikali zihlelwe ngezingqimba ezingenhla nangaphansi embozweni, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sokuzivikela.

4.3 ijazi eliphezulu

Amapende asetshenziselwa ama-topcoat angahlukaniswa ngamamaki amathathu ngokuya ngamaphuzu amanani awo:

(1) Ibanga elijwayelekile upende we-epoxy, upende wenjoloba one-chlorine, i-chlorosulphonated polyethylene yayo njalonjalo;

(2) Ibanga eliphakathi upende we-polyurethane;

(3) Ibanga eliphakeme upende we-silicone-modified polyurethane, i-silicone-modified acrylic top coat, upende we-fluorine nokunye.

Upende we-epoxy ngemva kokuphulukiswa kwamakhemikhali, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukunamathela okuminyene, ukunamathela okuqinile, izakhiwo eziphakeme zemishini, amelana ne-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti, ingamelana nokugqwala okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali abezindaba.

5. Ukukhethwa kwepende ye-anticorrosive kufanele kucabangele amaphuzu amaningana

5.1 Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukungaguquguquki kwemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo kanye nohlu lopende olukhethiwe, ngokusekelwe endaweni edlayo (uhlobo, izinga lokushisa kanye nokugxila) isigaba segesi noma isigaba soketshezi, izindawo ezishisayo nezinomswakama noma izindawo ezomile nezinye. izimo zokukhetha. Nge-acidic medium, upende we-phenolic resin onokumelana ne-asidi kangcono ungasetshenziswa, kuyilapho ku-alkaline medium, upende we-epoxy resin onokumelana okungcono kwe-alkali kufanele usetshenziswe.

5.2 Amathuba ezimo zokwakha kufanele kubhekwe. Ezinye zifanele ukuxubha, ezinye zifanele ukufuthwa, ezinye zifanele ukomiswa kwemvelo ukwenza ifilimu nokunye. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, kuhle ukusebenzisa upende owomile, olula ukufafaza omakhaza.

5.3 Cabangela ukumataniswa okufanele kwama-coatings. Njengoba iningi likapende liyi-organic colloidal material njengento eyisisekelo, penda yonke ingqimba yefilimu, nakanjani kunezinto eziningi ezincane ezingavamile, imidiya egqwalayo engase ingene ekugugulekeni kwensimbi. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa upende wamanje kungukuthi camera ungqimba olulodwa, kodwa camera multi-ungqimba, inhloso ukunciphisa microporous okungenani. Kufanele kube nokuvumelana okuhle phakathi kwe-primer ne-topcoat. Njengopende we-vinyl chloride kanye ne-phosphating primer noma i-alkyd primer ebomvu yensimbi esekela ukusetshenziswa kwemiphumela emihle, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ne-primer esekelwe kuwoyela (njengopende obomvu osekelwe kumafutha) osekela ukusetshenziswa. Ngoba upende we-perchlorethylene uqukethe ama-solvents aqinile, uzobhubhisa ifilimu ye-primer.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle ku-antirust kanye ne-anticorrosion ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi, ukonga izinto zokwakha, ukwandisa impilo yesevisi yesakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuphephile nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.