Incazelo enemininingwane yokwakhiwa kwe-truss enkulu

Ngenxa yesisindo sayo esilula, amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu nokusebenza okuhle kokuzamazama komhlaba, i-span truss enkulu isetshenziswa kabanzi esakhiweni sesikhungo sezindiza, i-gymnasium, ihholo lokubukisa nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokwakha. Isibonelo, isakhiwo setheminali yesikhumulo sezindiza sisebenzisa isakhiwo esikhulu se-span truss ukunikeza indawo yangaphakathi evulekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba kwabahambi nokulinda izindiza. Izinkundla ezinkulu zezemidlalo, amachibi okubhukuda, izindawo zokungcebeleka eqhweni, njll., ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezinkulu ze-truss ukusekela izindawo ezinkulu zophahla futhi zinikeze izindawo zokubuka ezingenakholamu. Lezi zinhlobo zezakhiwo zihlanganisa izindawo eziningi kusukela ezikhungweni zomphakathi ezinkulu kuya ezakhiweni zenhloso ekhethekile, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwezakhiwo ze-truss ezinde ekwakhiweni kwesimanje.

Ngenxa yezingqinamba zezimo zesayithi, indawo etholakalayo yokuhlanganisa nokuphakanyiswa kwe-truss ihlangene kakhulu kwamanye amaphrojekthi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokulondoloza izindleko, kuyadingeka ukwenza inqubo yokwakha enengqondo engahlangabezana nezidingo zokwakhiwa kwayo ngaphandle kokuthinta ukusebenza kwezinye izinqubo.

1, Izinketho zohlelo

Ukuphakama nobubanzi besakhiwo sikakhonkolo esiqediwe esizeni sephrojekthi ye-span enkulu kuvame ukuba kukhulu, futhi indawo yokufaka insimbi yensimbi ngokuvamile iphakathi kophahla, ngakho-ke ukuphakamisa ngaphandle kwe-span akunakwenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimiso sokwakha sidinga nokucabangela indawo nemishini yokuphakamisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuba khona kwesitezi esingaphansi, izinyathelo zokuqinisa eziyinkimbinkimbi zizodingeka uma kukhethwa i-crane enkulu ukuze iphakanyiswe. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kohlelo nakho kudinga ukucabangela inqubekelaphambili yokwakha kanye nokuqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle komnotho.

Ngokwesimo sangempela sendawo yokwakha, ngokuvamile kunqunywa ukuthi ama-trusses ayinhloko kanye nesesibili angaqoqwa ngokuphelele phansi, ama-trusses amakhulu angaphakanyiswa kuwo wonke ama-joist noma ezigabeni ngaphakathi kokuwa, kanye nesesibili. ama-trusses angaphakanyiswa ngokuphelele. I-Crane ingasetshenziselwa kokubili ukuhlanganisa nokuphakamisa. Ngokusebenza kwe-crane, ingxenye ye-joist eyinhloko ihlukaniswe izigaba ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ngokuya ngesidingo sangempela. Indawo yokuhlukanisa ayikwazi ukukhethwa ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sikakhonkolo, ngaphandle kwalokho kudingeka izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakhiwa kwamalunga ezinqeni, ngakho-ke indawo yokuhlukanisa ikhethwa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sikakhonkolo, futhi iphansi lingasetshenziswa ukwakha inkundla yokusebenza. Uhlaka lokuqinisa lubekwe endaweni ephansi ye-chord eduze nendawo yokuhlukanisa ye-truss eyinhloko, futhi ifreyimu yokubopha ibekwe phezulu kwenduku kakhonkolo noma ikholomu ophahleni.

2, Imininingwane yokwakha ye-Truss

2.1 Ukuhlanganisa inhlanganisela

Ukuze ugweme ukuqoqwa kwephutha, ama-trusses ayinhloko nakwesibili ahlanganiswa ngendlela yokuhlanganisa yonke inqwaba, futhi ibhentshi lensimbi lenziwe ngensimbi ye-gauge engu-16 njengesiteji sokuhlanganisa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokunemba kwe-truss, ama-chords kufanele akopishwe ngokuqinile ngemitha yezinga, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izintambo zensimbi ezinhle ziqiniswe emaphethelweni angaphandle ama-chords aphezulu naphansi ukuze ama-chords aqondiswe.

Umugqa wonqenqema lokuma wewebhu uyalinganiswa futhi ubekwe endaweni yenodi yangaphakathi yezintambo, futhi iwebhu ifakwe ngokuya ngokuma komugqa onqenqemeni. Ngokushesha ngemva kokulungiswa kwezinduku ze-chord, ezinye izinduku zewebhu zifakwa ekugcineni, indawo ephakathi nendawo ehlangene, ukuze ukwakheka kwe-truss kulungiswe ukugwema ukuguqulwa lapho ezinye izinduku zewebhu zifakiwe.

2.2 Ukuhlanganisa indawo kanye nokusekela ukukhetha indawo yemoto

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa futhi kugwenywe isimo sokuhamba kwesibili okuhlanekezelwe futhi kuvinjwe indlela yokuhamba ye-crane, ama-trusses ahlanganiswa eduze nendawo yokuqagela yokufaka, futhi itafula lokuhlanganisa lihlelwe ezinhlangothini zombili zesiteshi ngokuhambisana isiqondiso sesiteshi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lamashifu e-crane kufanele lincishiswe lapho uphakamisa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunquma indawo yokusekela i-crane kusengaphambili. Isimiso siwukuthi i-crane ingakwazi ukuphakamisa ama-trusses amakhulu amabili aseduze ngesikhathi esisodwa endaweni efanayo. Uma ama-trusses ephakanyiswa endaweni yokuhlangana, indawo engaba yi-slewing ye-hook kufanele ibe nkulu kune-radius yokubulala yehuku uma ibekwa endaweni kangangokunokwenzeka, ukuze isenzo se-crane ngesikhathi sokuphakanyiswa phakamisa ihuku, zungezisa ingalo, futhi uphakamise ingalo, futhi irediyasi yokubulala iya iba yincane futhi incane, futhi i-coefficient yokuphepha iya iba nkulu ngokuba nkulu, ukuze ukuphepha kokuphakanyiswa kwe-aerial kuqinisekiswe ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu.

2.3 Ukuphakanyiswa kwetruss okuyinhloko

(1) Ukulandelana kokwakhiwa

Ngenxa yezingqinamba zezimo zesayithi, ukufakwa kwe-truss kwamukela indlela yokwakha ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye uhlangothi. Ukulandelana kokwakhiwa kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zomklamo wenhlangano yokwakha futhi kulawulwe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nokulethwa kokwakhiwa.

(2) Ukuphakamisa ijoyini

Isikhundla sendiza kanye nokuphakama kokusekelwa kufanele kulungiswe ngokunembile ngaphambi kokuphakanyiswa kwe-truss, futhi kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana nezidingo zemidwebo ngemva kokulungiswa. Linganisa futhi ubeke i-axis yokubeka i-truss ebusweni bosekelo.

Lapho uphakamisa i-joist yonke, ukuphakamisa amaphuzu amabili kuyamukelwa. Ukuze ugweme ukungazinzi kwe-lateral kwe-joist eyodwa, izintambo zimiswa endaweni engu-1/3 ukusuka ekugcineni kwe-joist ezinhlangothini zombili ze-joist ngesikhathi sokuphakanyiswa, futhi i-joist ihlanganiswa nezintambo ngemva kokuba ibekwe endaweni.

Lapho i-truss iphakanyiswa ngezigaba ezimbili, ukuphakanyiswa kwamaphuzu amabili kuyamukelwa, isigaba esifushane siphakanyiswa kuqala, isiphetho esiphezulu sibekwe phezulu kwefreyimu esekelayo futhi ukuphakama kulungiswa imitha yezinga, emva kwalokho, ingxenye ende iyaphakanyiswa, futhi amajoyinti ezinqenqema zechord angaphezulu naphansi kufanele ashiselwe aqine ngaphambi kokuba ihuku isuswe u-crane, bese kuthi amalembu phakathi kwamalunga ezinqe ashiselwe.

Lapho uphakamisa ngemishini emibili, ukuphela kwezigaba ezimbili kufanele kuphakanyiswe kuqala. Ubude besigaba esiphakathi se-truss bude kunebanga elicacile phakathi kwekhonkrithi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-truss ngeke iphazamise isakhiwo sekhonkrithi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphakamisa, isikhundla esivundlile se-truss kufanele sithambekele ngaphambi kokuphakanyiswa okusemthethweni. Kuphrojekthi yokuphakamisa, uma isenzo sama-cranes amabili siphakamisa ingalo nengalo ephendukayo, futhi irediyasi yokuzungeza iya ibancane ngokubancane, i-coefficient yokuphepha iya ngokuya iba nkulu ngokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukuphakama kweziphetho ezimbili ze-truss kuhlukile, zama ukwenza umthwalo wama-cranes amabili uhambisane. Ukuphakamisa kufanele kusuke ohlangothini olungemuva, futhi i-crane ngayinye ithatha iphuzu elilodwa lokuphakamisa. Shisela amalunga ezinqe kuzo zombili iziphetho ngokuqinile ngemva kokuhlala, bese ushisela iwebhu phakathi kwamalunga ezinqe ngemva kwalokho.

2.4 ukuphakamisa i-sub-truss

Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa i-joist eyinhloko, amaphethelo okulawula ama-chords angaphezulu naphansi e-joist yesibili ayelinganiswa futhi abekwe endaweni yenodi ehambisanayo ye-joist yesibili, futhi imbeleko yayilengiswa ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kwezisebenzi. Ngemva kokuphothulwa kokuphakanyiswa kwezintambo ezimbili eziyinhloko eziseduze, ama-trusses esibili phakathi kwawo aphakanyiswa ngokushesha, ukuze ama-trusses ayinhloko kanye nesesibili enze iyunithi ezinzile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwesakhiwo. Ngemva kokuhlaziya, i-crane boom ingaba phakathi kwama-trusses amabili amakhulu kuphela lapho iphakamisa ama-trusses esibili, ngaphandle kwalokho izodala ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-boom nama-trusses amakhulu ngenxa yobude obanele be-boom.

(Ukwenziwa kahle kwendawo kokuhlukaniswa kwe-truss kanye nokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwendawo yesiteshi sika-crane ngokubekwa okunengqondo kwendawo yokuhlangana yezingxenye, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-crane ukunciphisa inani lamakheshi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa inani lezikhathi zokushintshwa kwe-crane, Ngaphandle kwalokho, yiziphi ezinye izinkinga okufanele zinakwe ekwakhiweni kwe-truss enkulu?)

3, Truss Welding Construction

(1) Ukulungiselela

Ngaphambi kokushisela, i-interface kufanele ihlanzwe ibanga lika-10-15mm ukuze kukhishwe ukugqwala namabala angaphezulu ensimbi. Ngaphambi kokushisela okusemthethweni, indawo yokuqala kanye ne-arc yokuvala yendawo yokushisela kufanele igaywe ibe yithambeka elithambile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi awekho amaphutha afana nezimbobo ezingaxutshiwe nezishwabana. Iziphetho ze-steel joist kufanele zigcinelwe ukuncipha kwe-welding, futhi kufanele zilungiswe ngaphambi kokushisela ngenxa yamaphutha angenzeka ekucubunguleni nasekukhiqizeni kanye nokuguqulwa okungenzeka kwezokuthutha.

(2) Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi

• (1) Shisisa i-joist yensimbi futhi ususe umswakama ngaphambi kokushisela;
• (2)Lawula isivinini sokushisela, futhi okokufaka kokushisa kungandiswa ngendlela efanele;
• (3) Lawula isilinganiso sokuhlanganisa, unciphise ingxenye yezinto eziyingozi kusisekelo sensimbi nensimbi encibilikisiwe ensimbi yokushisela;
• (4) Izimpande zokushisela insimbi kufanele zizame ukukhetha isibabule esiphansi ne-phosphorus okuqukethwe, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-manganese kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela ukuze kwandiswe ukuqina nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokusebenza kokuqhekeka okushisayo.

(3) Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Isendlalelo sokuqala sezinyathelo zokuqapha ngaphambi kwe-welding ukususa ungqimba lokuqala lwengxenye ephakanyisiwe, hlola ukuthi umkhawulo we-bevel awuhlanganisiwe futhi ucindezelekile, uma kunjalo, kufanele ususwe. Gwema ukuthinta unqenqema lwe-bevel lapho ugaya amalunga ashiselwe nezinye izingxenye. Sebenzisa ama-electrode amakhulu obubanzi kanye namanje amaphakathi ukuze ushise ume mpo, futhi usebenzise amandla aphezulu ekushiseleni okuyisicaba. Surface Welding izinyathelo zokuphepha Welding surface kufanele kukhethwe zamanje ezincane, in the bevel onqenqemeni izingxenye kufanele enwetshiwe Fusion isikhathi, esikhundleni electrode kufanele sizame ukunciphisa isikhathi ukuze kuvinjwe ukuphazamiseka Welding.

4, Uhlelo oluphuthumayo lokwakhiwa kwe-truss

(1) ukusungulwa kwendawo yesixwayiso sokuphepha ohlelweni lokuphakamisa uma ukusebenza kungafanele kuzodala izingozi zokuphepha, kuphazamise iphrojekthi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usethe indawo yokuxwayisa, uhla lwendawo yesixwayiso luphakamisa uhla lomsebenzi, usethe umuntu okhethekile ozogada indawo yesixwayiso, ukwakhiwa okucacile nokubumbene kwesistimu yomsebenzi we-24h, ohlelweni lokuphakamisa ukuvimbela abantu ukuba bahambe endaweni yesehlakalo. .

(2) ukuphakamisa inqubo yokuhlela umuntu ukuthi abone ujeke, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuxhumana ukuze kusetshenziswe umbiko wezimo zokusebenza kukajeke, ukuvimbela ujeke ukuthi ungasheleli nokunye ukwehluleka.

(3) hlela ukutholwa kukajack ngesikhathi esifanayo kodwa futhi uhlele umuntu okhethekile ukuze abone isimo sepompo likawoyela, uma kunokushisa ngokweqile, ukuvuza kukawoyela kanye nokungaqini kokukhishwa kwengcindezi nakho kufanele kubikwe ngesikhathi esifanele, ngokusebenzisa umlawuli- induna yavuma ukumisa ukusebenza kwenkundla yonke ukuze ihlolwe futhi igcinwe, inqatshelwe ngokuphelele imiyalo ehlangene.

(4) Ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa, izintambo kufanele zibekwe kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-truss ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwe-truss futhi kuvimbele ukuthi inganyakazi.

(5) Yenza umsebenzi wokushisela ngemva kokuphakanyiselwa endaweni emisiwe, vimbela ukusha kwe-arc ngesikhathi sokushisela, futhi vala ucingo oluboshiwe namahange.

(6) ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubekelaphambili eshelelayo yephrojekthi yokuphakamisa, ngokuhambisana nesimiso sokuphepha kuqala, ukuvimbela kuqala, ngaphambi kokuphakanyiswa kufanele kulungiselelwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo, kusungulwe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezihambisanayo.

(7) izisebenzi eziphakamisela endaweni yokuphakamisa kumele zigqoke umakalabha omuhle, uma umsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu kumele uboshwe ngebhande lokuphepha. Ochwepheshe ukuze bagqoke uphawu lochwepheshe, qaphela iziqondiso zomuntu obonisa izimpawu zokuvimbela ingozi, obonisa izimpawu zokuphatha amafulegi, amakhwela nemishini yokukhuluma.

(8) ukusebenza kuka-crane kudinga ukwazi isisindo sento yokusebenza ukuze kugwenywe ukugcwala ngokweqile, endaweni yokuphakamisa ingxenye kusesimweni esizwakalayo sokubopha intambo yokushelela, eyokuqala ephakamisa uhhafu wemitha ubude ukuhlola izibopho zayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iqine ngaphambi kokuphakamisa. Engxenyeni yokuphakamisa qaphela ukunyuka okunensayo kokuwa kancane, engxenyeni akuvunyelwe ngokuqinile ukumisa abantu noma ukubeka ezinye izingxenye, ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zokuphepha.

(9) Ulimi nophawu lomqeqeshi wezimpawu kumele kuhambisane nomshayeli, isikhulu esilawulayo sikhafula amagama ngokucacile, ukugwema ukungezwani, umshayeli we- tower crane ukulalela umyalo womshayeli ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi zixhumanisa umsebenzi ukugwema amaphutha. .

(10) izingxenye zensimbi eziwayo zehlisa ijubane, abasebenzi bokwakha ezingxenyeni zezingxenye eziphethwe ngesandla, banqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukubeka izandla zabo phansi kwezingxenye noma izingxenye zamalunga.