Incazelo enemininingwane yokwakhiwa kwe-truss enkulu1

Izakhiwo zensimbi ziyisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu nesiguquguqukayo samabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni.Ngenkathi sisebenzisa izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi ezifana nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla zesakhiwo sensimbi kanye nezakhiwo zohlaka lwensimbi, sidinga futhi ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izici ezithinta izinto zokwakha zensimbi.

1, Ukwakheka kwekhemikhali

• Ikhabhoni:ingxenye eyinhloko yamandla ensimbi. Inqubekelaphambili yokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, inqubekelaphambili yamandla ensimbi, kepha kanye ne-plasticity yensimbi, ukumelana, umsebenzi wokugoba obandayo, ukushiselwa kanye nokumelana nokugqwala nokugqwala kungancishiswa, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngaphansi kokumelana nomthelela nakho kuzoncishiswa.
• I-Manganese ne-silicon:izakhi ezithandekayo ensimbi, zingama-deoxidizers, zingathuthukisa amandla, kodwa hhayi ipulasitiki eningi kanye nokumelana nomthelela.
• I-Vanadium, i-niobium, i-titanium:izakhi ensimbi, kokubili ukuthuthukisa amandla ensimbi, kodwa futhi nokugcina ipulasitiki evelele, ukumelana.
• I-Aluminium:i-deoxidizer eqinile, ene-aluminium yokwenza i-deoxidation, inganciphisa nakakhulu ama-oxide ayingozi ensimbi.
• I-Chromium ne-nickel:izakhi ze-alloying ukuthuthukisa amandla ensimbi.
• Isibabule ne-phosphorus:ukungcola okushiywe ensimbi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, izakhi eziyingozi. Banciphisa ipulasitiki, ukumelana, ukushisela kanye namandla okukhathala kwensimbi. Isibabule singenza insimbi "i-hot brittle", i-phosphorus yenza insimbi "i-cold brittle".
• "Hot brittle":isulfure ingakwazi ukukhiqiza kalula ukuncibilika kwe-iron sulfide, lapho umsebenzi oshisayo kanye nokushisela ukwenza izinga lokushisa lifike ku-800 ~ 1000 ℃, ukuze insimbi iveze imifantu, ukubukeka okuphukayo.
• "I-Cold Brittle":emazingeni okushisa aphansi, i-phosphorus yenza ukumelana komthelela wensimbi kwehle kakhulu kulo mkhuba.
• I-oksijeni ne-nitrogen:ukungcola okuyingozi ensimbi. Umoya-mpilo ungenza insimbi ishise ibe brittle, i-nitrogen ingenza insimbi ebandayo ibe brittle.

2. Umthelela wokushiyeka kwe-metallurgical

Izithiyo ezivamile ze-metallurgical zihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa, ingxube engeyona eyensimbi, i-porosity, imifantu, i-delamination, njll., konke okulimaza umsebenzi wensimbi.

3, Ukuqina kwensimbi

Umdwebo obandayo, ukugoba okubandayo, ukubhoboza, ukugunda kwemishini kanye neminye imisebenzi ebandayo ukuze insimbi ibe nokuguqulwa okukhulu kwepulasitiki, bese ithuthukisa iphuzu lokukhiqiza lensimbi, kanye nokwehla kwepulasitiki nokumelana kwensimbi, lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukuqina okubandayo noma ukuqina kokuqina.

4, izinga lokushisa

Insimbi izwela ngokufanele izinga lokushisa, futhi kokubili ukunyuka nokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa kubangela izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwensimbi. Ngokuphambene, umsebenzi wokushisa ophansi wensimbi ubaluleke kakhulu.

Esikalini sokushisa esihle, ukuthambekela okujwayelekile ukulandela ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa, amandla ensimbi ayancipha, ukuguqulwa kwanda. Mayelana ne-200 ℃ ngaphakathi komsebenzi wensimbi ayishintshi kakhulu, i-430 ~ 540 ℃ phakathi kwamandla (isivuno samandla namandla aqinile) ukwehla okubukhali; kuya ku-600 ℃ lapho amandla ephansi kakhulu akakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-250 ℃ eduze ne-blue brittle phenomenon, cishe 260 ~ 320 ℃ uma kukhona into ekhasayo.