Izakhiwo Ezinkulu Zensimbi Ye-Span Yenkundla Yezemidlalo

I-EIHE Steel Structure's Large Span Steel Structures Yenkundla yezemidlalo idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwenkundla, ihlinzeka ngesixazululo esiqinile nesithembekile sokuthatha amabanga amakhulu.

I-Large Span Steel Structures for Stadium iwubufakazi benqubekelaphambili kwezobunjiniyela nezakhiwo, ukuhlanganisa amandla, ukuqina, nobuhle ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo zezemidlalo eziwuphawu. Lezi zakhiwo zenzelwe ukuhlanganisa amabanga amade, ngokuvamile zihlanganisa zonke izinkundla zokudlala kanye nezindawo zezibukeli, kuyilapho zigcina ubuqotho nokuphepha kwesakhiwo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ezakhiweni ezinkulu ze-span kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana. Insimbi iyinto engasindi enesilinganiso esiphakeme samandla nesisindo, evumela amalungu azacile kodwa aqinile akwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Kulula futhi ukusebenza ngakho, okwenza ukuthi izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi namajiyometri azuzwe ngokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo zensimbi zingenziwa ngaphambili futhi zihlanganiswe endaweni, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokwakha futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

Ezinkundleni zemidlalo, izakhiwo zensimbi ezinkulu ze-span zivame ukuqashwa ezinhlelweni zokufulela, ezisekela i-canopy ehlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala nokuvikela izibukeli ezintweni. Lezi zakhiwo zingathatha izinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-trusses, ama-arches, uphahla olusekelwe ngekhebula, nokunye. Idizayini ngayinye iklanyelwe izidingo nezimfuneko ezithile zenkundla, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nobude besikhathi, izimo zokulayisha, kanye nezintandokazi zobuhle.

Ukuklanywa kwezakhiwo zensimbi ezinkulu ze-span zezinkundla kudinga indlela ecophelelayo nesebenzisanayo. Onjiniyela basebenzisana eduze nabaklami bezakhiwo kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bokuklama ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezintsha ezilinganisa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza, kanye nobuhle. Inqubo ihilela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kanye nokumodela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izakhiwo zingakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa isisindo sophahla, amandla omoya, kanye neqhwa elilayishiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe kuye kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi ze-span ezinkundleni zemidlalo. Izinto ezifana nensimbi enamandla amakhulu kanye nezingubo ezimelana nokugqwala zithuthukisa ukuqina nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwezakhiwo. Ubuchwepheshe obufana nomklamo osizwa ngekhompiyutha (CAD) kanye nemodeli yolwazi lokwakha (BIM) kunika amandla idizayini enembe kakhulu nesebenza kahle nezinqubo zokwakha.

Sengiphetha, izakhiwo zensimbi ezinkulu ze-span ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinkundla zesimanje, ezihlinzeka ngezixazululo eziqinile nezibukekayo zokumboza izindawo ezinkulu. Izakhiwo zabo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokuthuthuka kwamasu onjiniyela kubenza babe yisinqumo esihle sokudala izindawo zezemidlalo ezinohlonze nezisebenzayo ezizomelana novivinyo lwesikhathi.

Izakhiwo Zensimbi Enkulu Ye-Span Yemininingwane Yenkundla

Izakhiwo zensimbi ezinkulu ze-span zezinkundla ziyinkundla eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ekhethekile ehilela ukuhlela, ukuklama nokwakha ngokucophelela. Nansi eminye imininingwane ebalulekile ehlobene nezakhiwo zensimbi ezinkulu ze-span ezinkundleni zemidlalo:

1. Ukucatshangwa Kwedizayini:

Izidingo Ze-Span: Idizayini kufanele ibhekane nebanga elifiswayo lophahla noma ezinye izakhi zesakhiwo, ezingahluka kuye ngobukhulu nesakhiwo senkundla.

Amandla Womthwalo: Isakhiwo sensimbi kufanele sikwazi ukusekela isisindo sezinto zokuphahla, izindawo zokuhlala, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izakhi, kanye nomthwalo olindelekile ovela ezibukelini nezinye izici.

Ukumelana Nesimo Sezulu: Isakhiwo kumele sakhelwe ukuthi simelane nomoya, imvula, iqhwa, nezinye izimo zezulu, siqinisekise ukuzinza nokuqina.

Umbono Wezakhiwo: Umklamo kufanele uhambisane nombono wesakhiwo senkundla, udale indawo ebukekayo nesebenzayo.

2. Izingxenye Zesakhiwo:

Imishayo namakholomu: Lezi yizici eziyinhloko ezithwala umthwalo wesakhiwo, ezisekela isisindo futhi zihlanganisa amabanga adingekayo.

Izindlela Zokufulela: Izimiso zokufulela zingahlukahluka, kusukela ophahleni lwama-cantilever kuya ezinhlelweni ezisekelwa yikhebula. Ukukhetha kuncike kubuhle obufiswayo, izidingo ze-span, kanye nesabelomali.

Izixhumi namajoyinti: Izixhumanisi namajoyinti aklanywe kahle abalulekile ekuqineni nasekuqineni kwesakhiwo. Kumele bakwazi ukudlulisa imithwalo ngempumelelo futhi bagcine ukuzinza.

3. Ukuqamba Nokwakha:

Ukwenziwa ngaphambilini: Izingxenye zensimbi zivame ukwakhiwa endaweni elawulwayo, okuqinisekisa ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi. Lokhu kunganciphisa isikhathi sokwakha endaweni futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

Ukuhlanganisa kanye Nokufakwa: Izingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambili zibe sezithuthelwa endaweni futhi zihlanganiswe kusetshenziswa amasu afana nokushisela nokufaka ibhawudi. Ukunemba nokuxhumana kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwesakhiwo sokugcina.

Izinhlelo Zokusekela Zesikhashana: Ngesikhathi sokwakha, izinhlelo zokusekela zesikhashana zingadingeka ukuze zisekele isakhiwo size sihlanganiswe ngokugcwele futhi sikwazi ukuzisekela.

4. Ukukhethwa Kwezinto:

Amabanga Ensimbi: Ukukhethwa kwebanga lensimbi kuncike emandleni, i-ductility, nokumelana nokugqwala okudingekayo kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile.

Ukwelapha Okungaphezulu: Izingubo zokumboza nokuqeda kungase kusetshenziswe ensimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuqina, nobuhle.

5. Ukuphepha Nokuhambisana:

Ukuhlaziywa Kwesakhiwo: Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo okunemininingwane kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuzinza kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubala imithwalo, izingcindezi, nokuchezuka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhiwo sihlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso zokuphepha.

Ukuthobela Amakhodi Okwakha: Ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho nemithetho yokwakha yendawo, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwenkundla yezemidlalo kanye nabahlala kuyo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iphrojekthi yenkundla ngayinye ihlukile, futhi imininingwane ethile yesakhiwo esikhulu sensimbi izohluka ngokuya ngezidingo zephrojekthi, izingqinamba, kanye nesabelomali. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nonjiniyela abanolwazi lwezakhiwo, abaklami bezakhiwo, nosonkontileka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuklanywa okuyimpumelelo, ukwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi senkundla.

Nayi imibuzo emihlanu evame ukubuzwa (FAQ) mayelana nezakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi ze-span zezinkundla:

1. Yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa insimbi ezakhiweni ezinkulu zenkundla ye-span?

Insimbi inikeza amandla akhethekile nokuqina, okuyenza ibe into efanelekile yokusekela izikhala ezinkulu.

Ilula uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinto, inciphisa umthwalo wesakhiwo jikelele.

Izakhiwo zensimbi zingaklanywa ngokuguquguquka okukhulu, okuvumela imiklamo emisha neyingqayizivele yezakhiwo.

Insimbi nayo kulula ukuyiqamba nokuyihlanganisa, okunganciphisa isikhathi sokwakha.

2. Izakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi ze-span zenzelwe kanjani ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuphepha?

Idizayini yezakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi ye-span ihlanganisa izibalo zobunjiniyela eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kutholwe umumo ophelele, usayizi, kanye nokumiswa kwamalungu ensimbi.

Okucatshangelwayo kuhlanganisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukumelana nomoya, ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba, nezinye izici zemvelo.

Imininingwane yokuxhuma iklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokuqina kwesakhiwo.

3. Yiziphi ezinye izibonelo zezakhiwo ezinkulu ze-span steel ezisetshenziswa ezinkundleni zemidlalo?

Izakhiwo zophahla, njengophahla lwama-cantilevered noma uphahla olusekelwe ngamakhebula, zivamile ezinkundleni zemidlalo. Lezi zakhiwo zithatha izindawo ezinkulu ngenkathi zigcina umuzwa okhanyayo futhi ovulekile.

Ama-trusses nama-arches nakho kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala izimo zophahla eziyingqayizivele nezibukekayo.

Izinhlaka zensimbi zingase futhi zisekele izindawo zokuhlala, izindlela zokuhamba, nezinye izinsiza zenkundla.

4.Izakhiwo zensimbi ezinkulu ze-span ziwuthinta kanjani inqubo yokwakhiwa kwezinkundla?

Izakhiwo zensimbi zivame ukwakhiwa endaweni elawulwayo, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokwakha endaweni kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle.

Idizayini ye-modular ivumela ukuthuthwa nokuhlanganisa okulula, ukunciphisa isidingo semishini esindayo nokunciphisa izindleko zokwakhiwa kwazo zonke.

Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zensimbi kudinga abasebenzi abanamakhono kanye nokuxhumana okunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqondana nokuxhumana okunembile.

5.Intuthuko yesimanje yezobuchwepheshe iwuthinta kanjani umklamo nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi ze-span zezinkundla?

Intuthuko yesimanje yobuchwepheshe, efana ne-BIM (Imodeli Yolwazi Lokwakha) kanye nezindlela zokwenziwa kwedijithali, ziyithuthukise kakhulu inqubo yokuklama neyokwakha yezakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi ze-span.

I-BIM ivumela ukumodela okunembe kakhudlwana nokulingisa isakhiwo, okwenza abaklami bakwazi ukuhlonza nokubhekana nezinkinga ezingaba khona ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuklama.

Amasu okwenziwa kwedijithali, njengokuphrinta kwe-3D nokushisela irobhothi, angathuthukisa ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokwenziwa kwensimbi.

Ukwengeza, izinto ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezingubo zokugqoka zingathuthukisa ukuqina nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwezakhiwo zensimbi, ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwenkundla.