Yiziphi amaphuzu ayinhloko okwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi esine-span esikhulu samaphrojekthi ahlukene, futhi yini okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuklanywe okunengqondo?

Amahholo amaningi esakhiwo sensimbi kanye nesakhiwo sensimbi amahholo ombukiso asebenzisa izakhiwo zensimbi ze-span eside, isakhiwo esikhulu se-span sisebenza ngokuyinhloko emsebenzini wokuzilayisha, ukuze kuncishiswe i-deadweight yesakhiwo, ngokuvamile efanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo sensimbi njengesakhiwo esiyinhloko. . Ngokwezinkinga okuhlangatshezwane nazo ekwakhiweni okudlule, sifingqwa kakhulu ngezigaba ezi-3.

1. Izici zokuklama nokwenza kahle

Idizayini yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ene-span enkulu kufanele ithuthukiswe ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, ikakhulukazi ekubaleni nasekuhlaziyeni. Iminyango eminingi yephrojekthi ayazi ukuthi ingabalwa kanjani, ingabali, okuholela ekhwalithi ephansi yokwakha noma izindleko eziphezulu zephrojekthi. Ngakho yiziphi izingxenye okufanele zibhekwe ekubalweni nasekuhlaziyeni?

① idizayini yesithombe

Okokuqala, kufanele sinake umsebenzi wokubambisana we-superstructure kanye ne-substructure, futhi umphumela wesenzo se-multidirectional seismic kufanele ucatshangelwe. Indlela enengqondo kakhulu yokucabangela umsebenzi wokubambisana we-superstructure ne-substructure ukubala umphumela wokuzamazama komhlaba ngokuya ngemodeli yesakhiwo iyonke. Ukwenza lula kwesakhiwo esingaphansi kufanele kusekelwe ezimisweni ezinokwethenjelwa neziguquguqukayo, okungukuthi, ukuphumelela kokuqina kanye nokulingana kwenqwaba kufanele kucatshangelwe.

Isoftware isetshenziselwa ukwenza imodeli yemodeli yokuklama nokwenza ukubala nokuhlaziya. Ikakhulukazi, imodeli yokubala kufanele inqunywe ngokunengqondo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uxhumano nesakhiwo sophahla nezinye izakhiwo kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko ezisekelayo zihambisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya amandla kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ukuhlaziywa kokubala, ngaphezu kokulingisa ukwakheka kokubumba okuphelele kwesimo samandla, kodwa futhi kucatshangelwe inqubo yokwakhiwa kwesimo samandla akhethekile, ukugwema isakhiwo ngaphambi kokubunjwa ngenxa yamandla endawo adlula inani lokuklama nokulimala. Ngokubala kanye nokulingiswa kwenqubo yokwakha, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukuphakanyiswa kwezingxenye, izimo zokusebenza zezigaba ezahlukene zokwakha, ubuchwepheshe be-pre-deformation yesakhiwo, ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphambili kanye nokulayishwa kwezingxenye.

②ukuhlelwa kwesakhiwo

Ukuhlelwa kwesakhiwo kufanele kugweme ukwakheka kwezingxenye ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yobuthakathaka bendawo noma izinguquko eziphuthumayo, okuholela ekugxilweni okukhulu kwamandla angaphakathi kanye nokuguqulwa. Kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa umthamo wokuzamazama komhlaba wezingxenye ezingase zibe buthaka. Ngakho-ke, ekuhlelweni kwesakhiwo, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo nokuqina kuyalingana futhi ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokudluliselwa kwamandla kucacile.

Umthelela wokuzamazama komhlaba wophahla kufanele udluliselwe ngokuphumelelayo phansi ngokusekelwa; gwema ukugxilwa kwamandla angaphakathi noma umphumela omkhulu we-torsion ophahleni, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhlelwa kophahla, ukusekela kanye nesakhiwo esingaphansi kufanele kube iyunifomu futhi silingane; qinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo sophahla, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokudlulisa isikhala kufanele lusetshenziswe ngokukhetha ukugwema ubuthakathaka bendawo noma ukuguqulwa okungazelelwe kwezingxenye ezibuthakathaka; kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokufulela olungasindi, ngakho-ke i-unit self-weight yesistimu yokuphahla kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile.

2,Ukwakhiwa nokufakwa

Ubunzima bezakhiwo ezinkulu ze-span kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezindlela zokwakha kunquma ukuthi inqubo yokuklama kufanele ihlanganiswe nokucatshangelwa kwezindaba zokwakha. Lokhu futhi inqubo yokuklama ngokuvamile ishaywa indiva noma ukucatshangelwa okungaphelele kwendawo. Ukwakhiwa ikakhulukazi kuhilela amasu okufaka alandelayo.

Izingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ama-node obunjiwe

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-span enkulu, i-space shape eyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi zidinga ukucindezeleka kwendawo eyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zensimbi ezinzima, ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwamaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi kufanele kubhekwe njengezingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nama-node abunjiwe kufanele akhiqizwe ukuhlangabezana nezimo zokucindezeleka. , ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwephrojekthi.

①Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha isiliphu esihlanganisiwe

Inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi esikhulu-span ukuzinza kwesakhiwo ngaphambi kokwenza indawo yonke. Inkinga ingaxazululwa kangcono ngobuchwepheshe bokwakha ngokuslayida ngokusebenzisa okokusebenza okudonsayo okungalawula ukuvumelanisa ukuze kuhanjiswe isakhiwo esihlukaniswe sibe iziqinisi ezimbalwa ngokuvundlile siye endaweni eklanyelwe ithrekhi ethile ukusuka endaweni ehlanganisiwe. Kodwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezidingo zayo zesakhiwo sokuqina kwangaphandle kwendiza, isidingo sokubeka amathrekhi, ukulawula ukuvumelanisa kwe-multi-point traction izici ezinzima.

②Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha bokuphakamisa sekukonke

Ubuchwepheshe ngejekhi ye-hydraulic njengedivaysi yamandla, ngokuya ngezidingo zamandla okuphakamisa indawo ngayinye yokusebenza, inqwaba yamajekhi we-hydraulic nama-valve we-hydraulic, iziteshi zokupompa nezinye izinhlanganisela zamaqoqo we-hydraulic jack, nokunyakaza okuvumelanisa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwekhompyutha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokuphakamisa noma yokugudluza yesakhiwo esikhulu sesimo sengqondo somthwalo obushelelezi, olinganiselayo.

②Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha bomhlangano obungasekelwe ukuphakama okuphezulu

Iyunithi yokwandisa i-high-altitude block ubuchwepheshe bokuhlangana obungasekelwe, isimiso sokwakha siwukuthi: uhlelo lwesakhiwo sezingxenye ezinengqondo, khetha ukulandelana kokuphakamisa, ukuze inqubo yokwakha ingadingi ukusetha isiteji sokusekela, ukusetshenziswa kokuqina kwesakhiwo siqu. ukwakha iyunithi ezinzile, ngokusebenzisa ukwanda okuqhubekayo kweyunithi ukuxhuma ukufakwa, futhi ekugcineni ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sonke.

3, Quality izinyathelo control, inqubo ukwakhiwa, kudingeka sinake izindaba ezilandelayo

①Ukukhweza ukulawula ukunemba

Isakhiwo sensimbi yesikhala esiyinkimbinkimbi kufanele silinganiswe futhi silawulwe lapho sifakwa, ngenxa yokulinganisa nokulawula ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi njengengxenye yobuchwepheshe bokwakha, ukucabangela kanye nokuthuthuka kohlelo lwayo lokwakha ubunjiniyela kuhlaziywa kusukela kumthamo omkhulu wokulinganisa nokulawula. imininingwane yedatha, futhi imiphumela iyasabela futhi iqinisekisiwe. Ngesakhiwo sensimbi esine-span enkulu, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kanye nesimo samandla sesakhiwo enqubweni yokwakha, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesakhiwo nokubunjwa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zezinhlaka zokusekela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwesakhiwo. isakhiwo.

②Ukulawula ukuqaqa

Njengoba isakhiwo sensimbi esine-span enkulu sinezici zokuthulula amathani amakhulu, ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwamaphuzu okuthulula, amandla amakhulu okukhipha endaweni eyodwa, umthwalo omkhulu wokubala nokuhlaziywa kokulayisha, njll., uma amandla okusekela akhululwa ngokungafanele, azokwenza. limaza isakhiwo noma wenze isikafula singazinzi isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthulula isakhiwo sensimbi, kuyadingeka ukuthatha uhlelo lokuguqulwa kwesistimu njengesimiso, ukubala kwesakhiwo kanye nokuhlaziywa njengesisekelo, ukuphepha kwesakhiwo njengenhloso, ukuxhumanisa ukuguquguquka njengento eyinhloko, ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela njengesiqinisekiso, futhi sebenza ngokuqinile ngokwezidingo zezindlela ezimbili zokuthulula zendlela ye-isometric kanye nendlela elinganayo.

③Uhlelo lokuphakamisa

Lapho uphakamisa imishayo yensimbi ene-span enkulu, uma kubalwa okunengqondo kwamaphuzu okuphakamisa kungenziwa, futhi ukuphakamisa okungokwesiko kwamaphuzu amabili kusakhethiwe, ngenxa yesakhiwo eside sensimbi yensimbi, isikhala esikhulu samaphuzu okuphakamisa, kanye nezici ezifana nokuzenzela isisindo nomthwalo oguquguqukayo, imishayo yensimbi nezintambo zingaphansi kwamandla amakhulu e-axial, futhi kulula ukuvela ukugoba kwe-lateral kwemishayo yensimbi, futhi kwenzeka ukuguquguquka okukhulu nakakhulu.

Indawo yokwakha yesakhiwo esikhulu sensimbi kufanele iqinise ukuphathwa futhi ikhulise ukuqeqeshwa kolwazi lwebhizinisi labasebenzi, ukuze babe nokuqonda okuphathekayo kwezimpawu zamandla wezingxenye kanye nolwazi lokuphakamisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umklamo wenhlangano yokwakha kufanele uqiniswe ukuze wenze ukuphikisana okunengqondo kohlelo lokuphakamisa, ukuze kukhethwe uhlelo lokuphakamisa olunengqondo.

④ukukhweza ukulandelana

Njengoba isakhiwo sensimbi esikhulu se-span sidinga ukuhleleka okuphezulu kokufakwa, uma umyalelo wokufaka ungacatshangwa ngokufanelekile, futhi izingxenye zensimbi azihlangabezani nezidingo zokuphakamisa, zingathinta ukuphepha kwesakhiwo. Lapho uklama inhlangano yokwakha, ukulandelana kokufaka kufanele kuhlelwe ngendlela enengqondo, futhi ukucutshungulwa kwefekthri, ukuthutha ingxenye kanye nokufakwa endaweni kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngendlela ebumbene, futhi kusetshenziswe ngokuqinile enqubweni yokwakha. Ngaphezu kokwenza ngokucophelela ukulandelana kokufaka okufanele iphrojekthi, kufanele futhi ukhethe ithimba lokwakha elinolwazi lokufakwa, ukugwema izingozi zekhwalithi.

Isakhiwo esikhulu sensimbi sisetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi athile, futhi ezinkingeni zenqubo yokwakha, ukuthuthukiswa komklamo wenhlangano yokwakha kufanele kuqiniswe, ukuphepha nekhwalithi yomugqa obomvu kufanele kuqiniswe, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokwakha kufanele buthuthukiswe. ngokuqhubekayo.