Khuthaza ngamandla Isakhiwo sensimbi Esakhelwe ngaphambili ukuze kuthuthukiswe umkhiqizo omusha wekhwalithi ukwengeza amandla okunika amandla uhlaka olusha seludwetshiwe, uhambo olusha seluqalile.

Uguquko kanye nokuthuthukela kwezezimboni, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kanye nokuhlaza kuyisidingo esingokoqobo sokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yezokwakha kanye nokuthambekela okukhulu kwentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ngokwemvelo kunezici Zokwakhelwe kuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokutshalwa kwezihlahla, okunikeza umdlalo ogcwele ezinzuzweni zawo "zokukhanya, okusheshayo, okuhle futhi ukonga", futhi kukhuphule ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kokuhlanganisiwe.isakhiwo sensimbi isakhiwongokusebenzisa i-double-wheel innovation drive yobuchwepheshe nokuphatha kuyindawo ebalulekile okugxilwe kuyo ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo omusha wekhwalithi.

1, Bamba umkhuba woguquko embonini yezokwakha futhi uqaphele izinzuzo zesakhiwo sensimbi esihlanganisiwe

Imboni yezokwakha yaseShayina iseyindlela edinga abasebenzi abaningi, indlela yokwakha engahluziwe yemboni yendabuko, uma iqhathaniswa nezidingo zentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu, lisekhona igebe elikhulu. INgqungquthela Kazwelonke Yezezindlu kanye Nokwakhiwa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya Nezasemakhaya eyayingonyaka odlule igcizelele ukujula kwezinguquko zesakhiwo sohlangothi lwemboni yezokwakha, futhi iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni, ukufakwa kwedijithali, uguquko oluluhlaza, kanye nokulwela ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokwakha esezingeni eliphezulu. kuwo wonke umphakathi, ukudala inguqulo ethuthukisiwe "ye-China-built". Lokhu kuye kwacacisa indlela kanye nendlela yokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yezokwakha.

Okushiwo ukwakhiwa kwezimboni ukukhiqizwa kwefekthri, ukufakwa endaweni, ukumiswa kokukhiqiza, izingxenye, Umqondo owenziwe ngaphambilini embonini yezokwakha, isakhiwo sibe yimikhiqizo yezimboni. Nokho, akulula ukuthi imboni yezokwakha ibone “ukwakha izindlu njengezimoto”. Ngokombono ongokoqobo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zokwakha kunzima nakakhulu kunokwakha izimoto. Isizathu siwukuthi: Okokuqala, izinto zokwakha azikwazi ukufana nezingxenye zemoto ze-car clamp planing efanayo nokugaya; Okwesibili, izingxenye zokwakha azizona kuphela izinto ezinkulu, ezinkulu, ezisindayo, futhi zokufaka, izindlela zihluke ngokuphelele, isakhiwo ekugcineni sifakwe esizeni, kunokufakwa kwefekthri. Okwesithathu, izici zomuntu siqu zemikhiqizo yokwakha zisobala, azikho izindlu ezimbili ezifanayo ncamashi. Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni kubonakala ngokuklama okujwayelekile, ukukhiqizwa kwefekthri, ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili, ukuhlobisa okuhlanganisiwe, ukuphathwa kolwazi, ukusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile, umnyombo ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili, ngakho-ke isakhiwo ukuze sifeze "njengokwakha imoto njengokwakha indlu", kufanele sithuthukise ngamandla i-Prefabricated. ukwakhiwa, okuyisandla esibalulekile sokufeza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.

Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokwenza idijithali buhlanganisa i-BIM (i-Building Information Modeling) namawele edijithali, kanti ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kwemboni yezokwakha kuwukuba kufakwe kudijithali wonke amazinga embonini, imithetho, okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nezidingo ukuze kwakhiwe inani elikhulu ledatha, elizosebenza ngokusebenzisa umjikelezo wempilo yonke yesakhiwo, lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni kanye nabo bonke ababambiqhaza ngokusebenzisa inkundla yokwazisa. Le mboni entsha iwukuhlanganisa ukwenziwa kwedijithali ngesisekelo sezezimboni, ukugqugquzela ukuguqulwa kwemodi yokuphatha, futhi kudale indlela entsha yokwakha. Ukwakhiwa kobuhlakani nakho kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-synergistic kokwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile kanye nezimboni zezakhiwo ezintsha kusekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwangempela kwemboni, futhi imizamo yenziwa maqondana nezinga eliphezulu lobuhlakani ngenkathi kuqiniswa isisekelo sokuthuthuka kwezimboni. Ukugxila kokwakhiwa okukhaliphile ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha ubunjiniyela, ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngama-algorithms ahlakaniphile kanye nezicelo zamarobhothi zokwakha ezihlakaniphile. Njengamanje, iningi lemishini ezishintshayo yemboni ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi “ihlakaniphile”, ukugcizelela okukhaliphile kokuthi “umshini esikhundleni somuntu”, kungaba ukusebenzisana komshini womuntu, futhi ingafinyelela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ngokufunda ngokuzimela. Ukwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-synergistic kwesakhiwo esisha sezimboni, ngokuhambisana nentuthuko yamanje yemboni yezokwakha yaseShayina, okusha, okuthuthukisiwe, kungaletha izinguquko eziyisisekelo embonini, kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha.

Izakhiwo zensimbibabe nezici ezijwayelekile ezakhiwe ngaphambilini, ezezimboni nezici eziluhlaza, futhi izinzuzo zabo zilula, ziyashesha, zinhle futhi ziyonga. Ukukhanya kusho ukuthi izinto zokwakha zensimbi zilula futhi zinamandla amakhulu, zinesigaba esincane esiphambanayo, isisindo sokuzimela esilula kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala, ofanele izikhala ezinkulu futhi kulula ukuthuthwa nokufakwa. Ngokushesha, kusho ukuthi isakhiwo sensimbi senziwe efektri, esingakhiqizwa ngamaqoqo ezicucu ezinkulu ngezinga eliphezulu lokuthuthuka kwezimboni; ukwamukela indlela yokwakha yokukhiqizwa kwefekthri kanye nokufakwa kwamabhawodi anamandla amakhulu endaweni yokwakha kunganciphisa ngempumelelo isikhathi sokwakha, okudala izimo zokwehlisa izindleko kanye nokuletha izinzuzo zezomnotho zokutshalwa kwezimali. Okuhle, kubhekiselwa ezintweni ezinhle zokuwumshini zezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukushisela, ukuvala uphawu, ukuqina, ukusebenza kokuzamazama kwesakhiwo, ukuhlakazeka okulula, nokuvumelana nezimo ezinhle kubuchwepheshe obusha. Ukonga, kusho ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo sikakhonkolo, izindleko eziphelele zomjikelezo wempilo ziphansi, futhi insimbi ingagaywa kabusha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi esihlangene akuyona nje imfuneko yokuguqulwa kwemboni yezokwakha ibe yizimboni, i-digitalization kanye ne-greening, kodwa futhi kuwumkhuba ongenakugwemeka ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kanye nokusekelwa okubalulekile kokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinhle.

2, Ukusula izithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokukhuthazaIsakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi esenziwe ngaphambiliukwakha umfutho

Ukuze unikeze umdlalo ogcwele izinzuzo zesakhiwo sensimbi, kuyadingeka ukubhekana nezinkinga ezibhekene nentuthuko, uthathe izinyathelo ezihlosiwe zokusula izithiyo zentuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi ubone ukugxuma kusuka esakhiweni sensimbi sesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe kuya ensimbi ehlanganisiwe. isakhiwo isakhiwo.

Misa umqondo wokuthi "full Prefabricated". Akufanele nje kuphela ukuthi isakhiwo sihlanganiswe, kodwa futhi isakhiwo esingaphandle se-enclosure, uhlelo lwangaphakathi, imishini namapayipi, kanye nomhlobiso kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Ukuze uthole Okwenziwe Okuphelele, ukwaziswa okusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-BIM inkinga yokuqala okufanele ixazululwe.

Misa umqondo "wokuhlanganisa". Okokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa kokuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza nokugcinwa, kanye nokujula kokunciphisa izindleko nokusebenza kahle. Ubuthakathaka bokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sensimbi yizindleko eziphezulu zokwakha, kodwa uma sicabangela ngombono wokuhlanganiswa kokuklama ekusebenzeni nokugcinwa, singanciphisa kakhulu izindleko. Okwesibili, isakhiwo, isakhiwo, izingxenye kanye nezingxenye, imishini nemishini kagesi, umhlobiso kanye nefenisha kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Okufana nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ephakeme kakhulu kuguquguqukayo, uhlelo lokuvala kanye nesakhiwo sokuxhumanisa ikhono lokuguquguquka kudinga ukuphakama, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lokuvala lulula ukuguqulwa nokuqhekeka, oluthinta ukusetshenziswa komphumela wokwakha nokuphila. Ukugcinwa kokushisa, ukufakwa kwe-insulation, i-anticorrosion, ukuvimbela umlilo, ukukhanyisa, i-sunshade nezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nezingxenye ekuhlanganisweni kokucatshangelwa, hhayi kuphela kungaba yisixazululo esihle ochungechungeni lwezinkinga, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesakhiwo. Okwesithathu, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana nekhabhoni ephansi eluhlaza kanye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Okwesine, ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga adidiyelwe okudidiyelwa kobuchwepheshe kumele kufakwe ku-ajenda.

Lungiselela uhlelo lwesakhiwo. Ukugxila emgomweni wokuthuthukisa we-Prefabricated and industrialization, nokwandisa uhlelo lwesakhiwo sezakhiwo zensimbi, nokwenza imizamo yokunciphisa inani lezingxenye, ukuthuthukisa indlela yokuxhuma, nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokumisa nokubona umphumela.

Lungiselela umklamo. Xazulula inkinga yemishayo eveziwe namakholomu phakathiizakhiwo zensimbingokuthuthukisa umklamo. Empeleni, kusetshenziswa izingxenye zensimbi ukuze kumane kushintshe izingxenye zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe, izinzuzo zesakhiwo sensimbi kunzima ukuzidlala, ukusetshenziswa kokusebenza kuyancipha, inani lensimbi liyanda, ngokusungulwa kokuklama, ukusebenzisa kangcono izinzuzo zesakhiwo sensimbi, esikhulu. isikhala, isakhiwo esivumelana nezimo.

Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuhambisane nendlela yokwakha yezimboni. Ukuma komklamo, ukwenziwa kwefekthri kwezingxenye, kanye ne-Prefabricated of structure, electromechanics, umhlobiso kanye nefenisha kuyizinzuzo zesici zezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi. Kudingeka ukudlala ngokugcwele izinzuzo, ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo se-modular, ukubona ukwakhiwa okusheshayo, ukunciphisa imisebenzi yokushisela esizeni, ukonga abasebenzi futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Ucwaningo nokusebenzisa izingxenye ezisekelayo nezingxenye. Okokuqala, ngenxa yezimpawu zomuntu siqu zesakhiwo, kunzima ukukhiqiza izingxenye nezingxenye eziningi, futhi izinga lokumisa nokujwayelekile liphansi; okwesibili, uchungechunge lwezimboni aluphelele ngokwanele; futhi okwesithathu, uhlelo lwamaphaneli amathathu (amaphaneli odonga aphansi, angaphakathi nangaphandle) alufani kahle nesakhiwo sokwakha. Isistimu yendawo yonke isekelwe ekumisweni nasekusebenzeni kwendawo yonke kwezingxenye nezingxenye kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhuma, obufanele ukukhiqizwa okukhethekile nokunomphakathi, futhi kuyindlela ephelele kakhulu yezimboni. Kuphela ngokuthuthukisa ngamandla uhlelo lomhlaba wonke olusekelwe ezingxenyeni zomhlaba wonke kanye nezingxenye singakwazi ukubeka isisekelo "sokwakha indlu njengemoto".

Shintsha umbono we-slab yaphansi engenalutho. Ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe sama-slabs abekwe phansi, ingxenye yokuxhumana yokuqaliswa kokuthululwa kwesibili, akuyona indlela ephelele yokwakha yezimboni. Amabhizinisi ezimboni kufanele agxile emnyombweni wokwakhiwa kwezimboni, ukulinganisa izidingo zomuntu siqu kanye nezidingo zokulinganisa, aphinde acabange ukubaluleka kwama-slabs angenalutho, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ukuze banqobe ukushiyeka kwabo, ukudlala ngamandla abo, kanye nokuqinisa i-Prefabricated of izakhiwo phansi kwamabhodi amafushane.

Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sensimbi yaseChina kuyashesha, inani elikhulu lezindawo zesakhiwo sensimbi, izikhumulo zezindiza, iziteshi kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme ziyaphakama. Ngokuqhubeka nokujula kwezimboni, i-digitalization kanye noguquko oluluhlaza embonini yezokwakha, izakhiwo zensimbi eziqoqiwe zizoqongelela umfutho, zikhuthaze ukwakheka kwamandla amasha e-kinetic kanye nezinzuzo ezintsha ezibonakala ngokuqamba kanye nekhwalithi njengesihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa komfutho omusha wokukhiqiza kanye ukunikwa amandla okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi entsha.