Ukudizayina Nokwakhiwa KweziNhlelo Zokuvala Isakhiwo Sensimbi Ekhanyayo

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isakhiwo sensimbi esikhanyayo sisetshenziswe kabanzi kuIzinqolobane Zesakhiwo Sensimbi, Amahholo emibukiso yesakhiwo sensimbi encane ,Izindlu Zesitshakanye nezakhiwo zamahhovisi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphansi kwensimbi, ukuklama okufushane nesikhathi sokufakwa kanye neziqu eziphakeme zokukhiqiza zezimboni. Lokhu kugqugquzele ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokubiyela kwesakhiwo sensimbi kusukela kokuhlangene kuya kokuhlukahlukene, okubuye kwabangela ukuguqulwa kwemibono emisha yokuklama kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokwakha.

Uhlelo oluvalekile lwesakhiwo sensimbi engasindi ngokuyinhloko luhlanganisa uhlelo lodonga, uhlelo lophahla, ibhande lokukhanyisa, ukugoqa unqenqema nokukhanyisa, udoti kanye nokotini wokulondoloza ukushisa, njll. Uhlelo lokuvalela luyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesakhiwo sensimbi engasindi. Isistimu yokuvala ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zesakhiwo sensimbi engasindi, esinquma ukubukeka kokuhlobisa kwesakhiwo, ukuvimbela amanzi kanye nomphumela wokulondoloza ukushisa kwesakhiwo.

1, Ukuklama Nokwakhiwa Kwezinhlelo Zophahla Nezindonga

1.1 Ukuhlelwa kwesistimu yokuvaleka kwamapuleti anombala

Ukufakwa kwepuleti lombala kuhlukaniswe: ipuleti elinesendlalelo esisodwa, iphaneli yesemishi ye-EPS, ipuleti lensimbi lombala we-BHP, iphaneli yodonga lwe-GRC, iphaneli yesamishi le-polyurethane, iphaneli yesangweji eyinhlanganisela yengilazi esesakhiweni, iphaneli yesangweji le-rock wool ngokusho kokwakheka.

Ngokusho kwemodi yokwakha ihlukaniswe: amaphaneli ahlanganisiwe aqediwe, amapaneli ahlanganisiwe wesayithi. Imodi yokuxhumana yebhodi eliyinhlanganisela yensimu ihlukaniswe yaba: ibhodi lap, ibhodi lokuluma, ibhodi lebhakede elimnyama.

Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kuhlukaniswe: ipuleti lensimbi elinombala ogqagqene, ipuleti le-titanium, ipuleti lensimbi le-aluminium zinc, ipuleti ye-aluminium alloy plate pressure, ipuleti lensimbi engenasici, ipuleti lethusi.

1.2 Imibono yokuklama

Ipuleti eliyinhlanganisela yensimu ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi zokucubungula kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha buvuthiwe, ngakho esakhiweni sensimbi esikhanyayo sisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ipuleti lombala wophahla elinepuleti lombala wokubhaka wokubhaka elingu-0.376t no-0.5t obukhulu.

Ukuthambekela ophahleni kuthinta ukuchithwa kwamanzi emvula ophahleni, ekuklanyweni kwethambeka lophahla kufanele kuthathwe i-1/8-1/20, endaweni yamanzi emvula amaningi kufanele kuthathwe inani elikhulu (bona i-CECS102:98), ngaphezu kwalokho. emthambekeni ophahleni kanye nokusetshenziswa kohlobo lwebhodi ophahleni oluhlobene nokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwezidingo ze-slope ze-nail plate eziveziwe zinkulu, izidingo ezifihliwe zincane.

Iphaneli yophahla lwesakhiwo sensimbi ene-span enkulu kufanele isetshenziswe ipuleti lensimbi lombala webhakede elifihliwe. Eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza zobunjiniyela, ipuleti lensimbi lombala wokubopha elifihliwe libonisa izinzuzo ezilandelayo: (1) Gwema ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ukuguqulwa okweqile kwephaneli yophahla, izikulufu ezizithephayo ziyanqanyulwa. (2) Endaweni enezimvula, indawo yesishingishane iveze izikulufu ezizishayayo ekuguquleni izinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza komthwalo womoya, ukuguga kwe-rubber mat, kulula kakhulu ukubangela ukugqwala nokuvuza kwamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kohlobo lokunamathisela olufihliwe lombala wepuleti lensimbi kugwenywe isimo esingenhla. Ukuze ubude bomthambeko owodwa obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-60 ophahleni budinga ukucutshungulwa kube amabhodi amabili, ukwakheka kwamalunga okunweba phakathi kwamabhodi, ngoxhumo lweshidi lekhava le-TETA, ishidi lekhava le-TETA lingashelela ngepuleti lombala elinye nelinye, can ukuxazulula inkinga yokuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa.

1.3 Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokwakha

Ekwakhiweni, ngesikhathi esikhulu sophahla, ipuleti lombala lidinga lonke ucezu lwepuleti lokubumba, ngoba ipuleti eliphakamisa i-crane kulula ukubangela ukuwohloka kwepuleti, ngakho-ke ukufakwa ngokuvamile akusebenzisi i-crane, umbala owengeziwe thatha ukuphakamisa i-winch semi-slope.

2, Ukwakhiwa kobuhlalu be-lighting kanye nokwakhiwa

Ibhodi lokukhanyisa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo lihlukaniswe ngebhodi elikhanyayo lengilazi le-polyester eliqiniswe ngengilazi, i-polycarbonate eyenziwe ngekhekheba lezinyosi noma ipuleti eliqinile, njll. ebizwa ngokuthi i-fiberglass fiber reinforced plastic light tiles) nokunye okuyisicaba noma okugobile kwebhodi lokukhanya.

Amaphaneli okukhanyisa ahlukene anezindlela ezihlukene zokulungisa, amaphaneli okukhanyisa e-polycarbonate asebenzisa izibophelelo zephrofayili ye-aluminium, amaphaneli okukhanyisa ama-waveform asebenzisa ubakaki wephaneli yokukhanyisa nezikulufu zokuzishaya ukuze uxhume futhi ulungise, bese uvala uphawu. Ukuma kwepuleti elibonisa ukukhanya ngokuvamile kumiswa phakathi nendawo. Ibhodi lokukhanyisa kanye nezikulufa zokuzishaya zixhunyiwe, kufanele kube nesembozo. Ipuleti lokukhanya kwelanga elishisayo nelibandayo yi-deformation inkulu, kulula ukusika izipikili ezizishayayo, ngakho-ke ipuleti lokukhanya kwelanga ezinziphoni ezizishayayo kufanele livulwe embobeni enkulu. Ekufakweni kwamaphaneli okukhanya ukucabangela ukunwetshwa nokufinyela kwamaphaneli okukhanya.

Ibhodi elikhanyayo ngo-12m noma ngaphansi ngaphandle kwethanga, ngaphezu kwe-12m lidinga ukugoqa, ubude bomlenze obungama-200-400mm, ithanga ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sealant emibili, i-transverse lap ayidingi ukugoba, i-longitudinal color plate lap incike ohlotsheni lwepuleti, ipuleti lensimbi elibunjiwe elivamile, ngokuvamile alihloli unqenqema lwamanga, ngokuqondile ngepuleti lombala kanye nepuleti lombala elinezinzipho ezizishayayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-sealant yokuvala, ukulunywa kwebhodi kudinga ukwenza umphetho.

Ukukhanyisa ibhodi longitudinal ubude ibhande isiqondiso kufanele isethwe ku strip sandalwood eduze ophahleni ukwelashwa kungangenisi kuyosetshenziswa sealant enamathela, sealant surface kulula ukuguga; i-lap usebenzisa usimende wamanzi amabili phakathi kwe-sealant emhlophe noma engenambala.

Ibhodi lokukhanyisa i-lateral color plate lap: uhlobo oluvulekile lwephaneli yophahla lwesikulufu noma iphaneli yophahla lwebhantshi yohlobo olumnyama, ibhodi elikhanyayo kufanele libe yibhodi elibekelwe ububanzi obusebenzayo, endaweni yebhodi elikhanyayo elinezikulufu ezinde ezizishayayo ezilungisiwe, kucatshangelwa ukunwetshwa okushisayo nokufinyela ibhodi elikhanyayo alifani, kufanele lisetshenziselwe ukucubungula ibhodi lokukhanya elishayelwe ngaphambili (izimbobo ezingu-8mm ezifanele), izikulufu ezizithephayo zidinga ukufakwa ngaphansi kwewasha eliqinile elingangeni manzi, ukuvimbela ibhodi elikhanyayo ukunwetshwa okushisayo nokufinyezwa kwezikulufu. ngemva kokuqhekeka.

3, insulation wool

Ikotini ye-insulation ine-rock wool, i-glass fiber nezinye izinto, ukotini we-insulation unezici ezinhle kakhulu zokushisa ezishisayo, ukwakhiwa nokufaka kalula, umphumela wokonga amandla uyamangalisa, ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal okuphansi nezinye izici. Njengamanje, uhlelo lokufulela lweshabhu yesakhiwo sensimbi yasekhaya luthatha: (1) insimbi yocingo enemeshi+i-aluminium foil yokufaka ukotini+ipuleti elilodwa lombala; (2) ipuleti elinombala ophindwe kabili+ukotini we-insulation nezinye izindlela ezimbili.

Okulandelayo kwethulwa ikakhulukazi i-wire mesh + ukotini we-aluminium foil insulation + izindlela zokwakha uphahla lwepuleti elilodwa lombala.

Intambo yensimbi engagqwali noma isiphambano se-galvanized wire ikhipha idayimane noma umumo ongunxande, enezinzipho ezizishayayo ezingama-215 cm ezimiswe ku-purlin, ebeka uvolo wengilazi osongwe ozwakalayo, ubuso be-aluminium foil bubheke ohlangothini lwangaphakathi, oluqonde ngqo ku-purlin, ezindlebeni zendlu. izinhlangothi ezimbili kwesokunxele ngaphezulu mayelana 20 cm okuzwakalayo okugoqiwe, ngetheyiphu enezinhlangothi ezimbili izomiswa ku-guillotine yangaphandle ku-purlin. Sebenzisa i-veneer egciniwe engamasentimitha angama-20 ukwenza i-wool edging. Naka ukungezwani koboya bengilazi obugoqiwe, ukuqondanisa, amalunga aqinile phakathi kwemiqulu, isidingo se-longitudinal sokugoqa, ama-lap joints kufanele ahlelwe ku-purlin. Ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi, ukuze kugwenywe ukukhiqizwa kwebhuloho elibandayo, kungabhekwa ku-purlin pad rigid insulation material.

4. Ama-gutters nama-soffits

Izikhonkwane zingahlukaniswa zibe izikhonkwane zangaphandle zokudonsa amanzi, izikhonkwane zangaphakathi zokudonsa amanzi kanye ne-free-fall gutter ngezindlela ezintathu ngokuya ngesakhiwo. Okumqoka kungabekwa ekusetshenzisweni kwefomu le-free-fall kanye ne-drainage gutter yangaphandle ifomu. Ngokwamaphuzu abalulekile anogutter wensimbi engagqwali, ipuleti lensimbi, ipuleti elinemibala. I-Gutter njengohlelo oluyinhloko lokudonsa amanzi ophahleni, inquma ukuchithwa kwemvula neqhwa, ukwakha uphahla ukusetshenziswa okuvamile komsebenzi.

Umfanekiso 2 Umkhuba Wangaphandle Wokudonsa Imfucumfucu

Ngaphandle kwe-gable gutter gable ngenxa yokuvimbela ukuvuza, izindleko eziphansi, kuphrojekthi nazo zingasetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngaphandle kwegutter ye-drainage gutter ithathwa kakhulu nge-gutter yamapuleti anombala. Ukwakhiwa kwe-gutter yepuleti lombala akudingi ukusekela izingxenye zayo zesakhiwo, udonga lwe-gutter lungasondela ngokuqondile ku-wall plate yangaphandle, lubekwe phezu kosekelo lodonga, kumaphaneli ophahleni kuzixhumi ezeluliwe ezithathwe odongeni olungaphandle lwe-gutter. , izingxenye ze-gutter ziyadlulana, ukusetshenziswa kwama-rivets ukuxhuma nokuvala uphawu. Imisebenzi ingasetshenziswa kumkhuba oboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

Umfanekiso 3 Izinqubo zokuhlela nokucwayiza

5. Ukuhlela nokucwayiza

I-Edging kanye ne-flashing ayibonisi imigqa yesakhiwo kuphela, ethinta izinga lobuhle besakhiwo, ngenkathi ihlanganisa isakhiwo sibe yinto yonke, engenamoya, engenamvula, ukuze isakhiwo sihlale isikhathi eside. Bheka Umfanekiso 3 ukuze uthole imininingwane.

6, Isifinyezo neziphetho

Isakhiwo sensimbi esikhanyayo sisetshenziswe kabanzi ezakhiweni zefekthri, amahholo emibukiso emincane kanye nezakhiwo zamahhovisi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphansi kwensimbi, ukufakwa okufushane kanye nesikhathi sokuklama, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Uhlelo lwayo oluvalekile luvame ukusebenzisa ipuleti lensimbi lombala, ucwaningo lufingqa ukuklama kwesistimu yensimbi yokulungisa ipuleti lombala kanye nesipiliyoni sokwakha, ukubeka phambili isakhiwo se-node esingokomnotho nesiphusile kanye nohlelo lokwakha lunokubaluleka okusebenzayo okubalulekile.

Ukuze ipulaleti leleveli yohlobo lwesitezi sangaphandle, kufanele linikeze kuqala ukusetshenziswa kohlobo olumnyama lwensimbi yombala wensimbi yokucubungula isakhiwo, ingagwema ukuwohloka komehluko wezinga lokushisa okubangelwa isikulufu esizithephayo sigundiwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo singagwema endaweni yemvula. , indawo yesishingishane iveze isikulufu sokuzithepha esikhunjeni sezinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza komthwalo womoya, ukuguga kwe-rubber mat okubangelwa ukugqwala kwepuleti nokuvuza kwamanzi.

Ukwakhiwa kwebhodi lokukhanyisa kanye nokwakhiwa kufanele kunake ukunwetshwa kwayo okushisayo nokunciphisa, ibhodi lokukhanyisa kanye noxhumano lwezinzipho ozishayayo kufanele lube nesembozo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qaphela umehluko wayo ngombala we-steel plate. Ibhodi lokukhanyisa kufanele licutshungulwe ngaphambili (imbobo engu-8mm ifanelekile).

Ukuze ugweme ukukhiqizwa kwebhuloho elibandayo, ungacabangela ibhodi eliyinhlanganisela yokufakwa kwe-padding eliqinile ku-purlin.

Esifundeni esisenyakatho nemvula encane futhi iphrojekthi ayidingi izinga eliphezulu lama-eaves, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-eaves awela mahhala. Ukuvuza kwayo kuhle, izindleko ziphansi, kuphrojekthi isetshenziswe kabanzi.